| [Ⅶ]Themes for tanka composition(5) (Intermediate courseⅡ) (11) Tanka November（2004）平成16年(12/12-1/9) “The cold wintry wind” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Shimotsuki [November]*(12/12-1/9). When I think of Shimotsuki, I am reminded of "The first snowfall" first, when I'm inclined to go to bed early or sit still beside the fireplace, in which embers are buried in the ashes. Furthermore, this is the time when plovers visit here from northern countries in order to stay over the coldest season as other birds also do. So, I suggested you compose tanka on the following themes in the previous, primer, course: "The first snowfall", "The buried embers" and "The plovers around the seashore". In this intermediate course, I hope you can compose tanka on the themes: "The plovers around the riverside", which is a variation on the last theme of the previous, primer, course, "The cold wintry wind", which blows away clouds covering the peaks of the mountains as well as the dead leaves and "The dead leaves" themselves. This time, I hope you can compose tanka on the second theme from this course, “The cold wintry wind”. So, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Mototoshi (1059-1142), Tsumorino no Kunimoto (1022-1102), Minamoto no Toshiyori (1054?-1129) and myself on the theme which Idiscusssed above. An author, Fujiwara no Mototoshi wrote his tanka on the theme, "Thewind which blows in the field" when he attended the tanka competition held at the private residence of Fujiwara no Tadamichi, the chief adviser to the Emperor and his tanka is compiled in the tanka-collection, Shin-Kokinwakashu. The wind which blows in late autumn or early winter is called "The cold wintry wind" and reminds us of the arrival of winter. As many poets composed tanka at the field where young bamboo grow along the path near Mt. Takamado, not only he himself recognized but he suggested to his readers through his tanka that winter had arrived when he heard the leaves of young bamboo rustling although he didn't watch the scene directly. Another author, Tsumorino no Kunimoto seems to have been astonished to hear the cold wintry winds whistling so loudly when he got up in the morning and recognized again that winter had arrived. And he seems to have conjectured that the whole landscape, all around, was already altered. Another author, Minamoto no Toshiyori expresses through this tanka how he can watch the moon shining clearly over the peak of the mountain near his village since the winds blew away the floating clouds, which had covered the whole sky. *2005(12/2-12/30) 高円の野路の篠原末さわきそそや木枯今日吹きぬなり The cold wintry winds/ seem to rustle the leaves of young bamboo, which grow/ along the path in the field around Mt. Takamado. by Fujiwara no Mototoshi いつの間に空の景色の変るらんはけしき今朝の木枯の風 Now that I wake up/ to find the cold wintry winds whistling so loudly,/ the whole landscape, all around, must be already altered. by Tsumorino no Kunimoto 木枯の雲吹き払ふ高嶺より冴えても月の澄み昇るかな Over the peak of/ the mountain near my village, around which the winds/ have blown away floating clouds, the moon can be seen clearly. by Minamoto no Toshiyori |
故郷の山里ははや夕暮れて枯れ木を鳴らす木枯の風 The twigs of the trees/ howl in the cold wintry winds in my native town/ as soon as the sun has set beyond the mountain nearby. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第七章（～歌の主題 5～）[中級講座Ⅱ] 第11節：霜月の歌「木枯」（こがらし） 今回は霜月の歌を詠んで戴く。霜月といえば、木々の葉がすっかり落ちて、寒さが身にこたえる季節である。時によっては「初雪」が降り、衾や火が恋しくなる。そして、越冬の為に色々な鳥が渡って来る。 初級講座では、初冬の風物詩である「初雪」「埋火」「浦千鳥」をそれぞれ詠んで戴いたが、中級講座では、「浦千鳥」の変形である「川千鳥」の他に、落葉を吹き払い、峰や空を覆う雲などを吹き払う「木枯」、又その落葉となった「枯葉」を主題として歌を詠んで戴く。 今回は、二番目の「木枯」を詠んで戴く。「木枯」を歌題に藤原基俊、津守国基、源俊頼と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 例歌としてあげた藤原基俊の歌は関白太政大臣であった藤原忠通の家の歌合に、「野風」と題して詠んだ歌で、新古今和歌集の秋の部に収録されている。「木枯」は秋の終わりから冬の初めにかけて吹き始める風のことで、冬の到来を人々に感じさせるものである。作者は「高円山の野路に生えている篠の葉の先端までが音を立てているからには、さては木枯が吹き始めたのだろう」と詠み、冬の到来を詠嘆した歌である。高円山の野路の篠原は万葉集の歌人が沢山歌に詠んだ場所であるので、作者はこの歌をこの自然を直接見たのではなく、風の音を聞いて推量し、感嘆して詠んだ歌である。 津守国基の歌もやはり、「朝起きて見ると激しく木枯が吹いていることよ」と驚いて、「いつの間にか空の景色が変わってしまったのだろうか」と知らない間に季節の変化が起きたことを推量し、新鮮な驚きを感じている様子を詠んだものである。 源俊頼の歌は冬も半ばを過ぎて、木枯のお陰で冬の月の特徴である澄んだ月を見ている様子を詠んだものである。 私の歌は「故郷の山里は、日が沈むと共に木枯の風が吹いて、葉っぱの落ちてしまった枯れ木の枝をひょうひゅうと鳴らしていた」という意味の歌である。 何れも、初冬の風物詩である落葉を吹き払い、峰や空を覆う雲などを吹き払う「木枯」の吹く様子を表した歌に詠んで戴く。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①林田幸子②畠貞子③木田三千代④橋本ヒサ子 様々の過きし昔の想ひ出つ眠れぬ冬の夜の木枯 When I hear the wind/ blowing so hard through the night on a winter day,/ it reminds me of those things which I did in my childhood. by Sachiko Hayashida 夜をこめて峯の木枯吹き渡る今朝染め出し紅葉いとほし I wish all the leaves,/ which are dyed crimson this morn, could linger longer,/ however hard the wind might be blowing all through the night. by Teiko Hata 日の出山紅葉の錦かきたてて月澄む空に木枯の風 Though the wind has turned/ all the leaves of the trees of Mt. Hinode brown/ so completely this evening, the moonlight filters through them. by Michiyo Kida 木枯の音寒々し人の訪ふ声かと覚え夜の戸に立つ I take the banging/ of the door by the hard wind for the knocking of/ somebody come to visit and get up to let him in. by Hisako Hashimoto |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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