| [Ⅶ]Themes for tanka composition(5) (Intermediate courseⅡ) (10) Tanka in October （2004）平成16年(11/12-12/11) “The fallen leaves on the mountain” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Kannazuki [October] *(11/12-12/11), The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is "Shigure" or "A shower which falls in late autumn or early winter", which I discussed before. Everytime a shower falls, the autumn leaves become more crimson. These leaves will wither and fall to the ground in time. In the previous, primer course, I suggested you compose tanka on the themes, "Shigure" or "A shower which falls in late autumn or early winter", "Autumn leaves becoming crimson" and "The fallen leaves". In this intermediate course, I hope you can compose tanka on the following themes, which are more complicated and varied than the previous primer course themes, "The fallen leaves ", or more specifically: "The fallen leaves in the garden", "The fallen leaves on the mountain" and "The leaves that fall like rain". This time, second of all, I hope you can compose tanka on the theme, "The fallen leaves on the mountain". Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Masatsune(1169-1221), Hafuribe no Narimochi(1120-1195?), the monk Saigyo(1118-1190) and myself on the theme, “The fallen leaves on the mountain”. An author, Fujiwara no Masatsune, writes his tanka on his realizing that the leaves of trees have fallen upon Mt. Kazuragi, as he hears the wind blowing and sees the clouds floating in the sky. While another author, Hafuribe no Narimochi, suggests to his readers that all the leaves on the mountain have completely fallen in order to focus on the green pine trees standing on the peak of the mountain which look all the more lonely. It is said that Emperor Gotobain was deeply impressed by both tanka which I introduced. Both of them were composed when the poets attended the tanka competition held at Kasuga shrine in Nara prefecture. Another author, the monk Saigyo, suggests to his readers that all the leaves of trees which stand at the foot of Mt. Ogura have throughly fallen to focus on the moon that can be seen clearly through the bared twigs on the tops of trees instead of the green pine-trees which Narishige chose. Thus, it is composed not only on the theme of the winter moon but also of the fallen leaves as well, as was the tanka by Princess Shokushi which I discussed last year. *2005(11/2-12/1) 移り行く雲に嵐の声すなり散るか正木の葛城の山 As I hear the wind/ blowing loudly and the clouds floating high over/ Mt. Kazuragi, I know leaves of trees must have fallen. by Fujiwara no Masatsune 冬の来て山もあらはに木の葉降り残る松さへ峰に寂しき As the leaves of trees,/ which cover the whole mountain here in my village,/ have now completely fallen, the pine trees look lonely there. by Hafuribe no Narimochi 小倉山麓の里に木の葉散れは梢に晴るゝ月を見るかな As the leaves of trees,/ which cover Mt. Ogura here in my village,/ have now completely fallen, the moon can be seen clearly. by monk Saigyo |
紅に染まる木の葉も故郷の山の嵐に今朝は散り初む Though the leaves of trees,/ which cover the whole mountain here in my village,/ that have just turned crimson, others begin to fall now. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第七章（～歌の主題 5～）[中級講座Ⅱ] 第10節：神無月の歌「山落葉」（やまのおちば） 今回は神無月の歌を詠んで戴く。神無月といえば、前述のように、まず「時雨」が主題となる。時雨は紅葉を深く染める。その紅葉もやがて枯れて、落葉となり、地面に落ちてゆく。 初級講座では、初冬の風物詩である「時雨」「紅葉深」「落葉」をそれぞれ詠んで戴いたが、中級講座では、初級講座で詠んで戴いた「落葉」に、さらに変化を持たせ、且つ限定した歌題である「庭落葉」「山落葉」、そして、木の葉が時雨に混じって落ちていく様子を詠む「落葉混雨」を主題として歌を詠んで戴く。今回は、二番目の「山落葉」を詠んで戴く。 「山落葉」を歌題に藤原雅経、祝部成茂、西行法師と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 例歌としてあげた藤原雅経の歌は主題の落葉を直接見ているわけではないが、空を移って行く 雲の中に、嵐の声のする」のを聞いて、「葛城山で正木が散るのだろうか」と山の落葉を連想したのである。 一方、祝部成茂の歌は、「冬が来て、山も地肌がはっきりと見えるまでに木の葉が散り、散らないで残っている松までもが、峰に寂しく見える」という意味の歌で、青々とした峰の松を比較対照させて、全山、紅葉が散り尽くした山の情景を読者の目に見せるかのように表現している。 以上の二つの歌は春日社で行われた歌合で詠まれた歌で後鳥羽院がそれぞれ感心された歌であるという。 西行法師の歌は「峰の 梢に晴れて明るい月を見ること」を詠むことによって、小倉山の麓の里に木の葉がすっかり散った」様子を、成茂の歌の「峰の松」に代わって「月」を比較対照させて詠んでいる。この歌は昨年の式子内親王の歌と同様に、照る冬の月を詠んでいると同時に「山落葉」の歌にもなっている。 私の歌は「故郷の山の木の葉もすっかり紅に染まったが、風が吹いて今朝には既に散り始めていた」という意味の歌である。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①林田幸子②服部満知子③佐野正子④上田文 秋の色払ひ果てゝや山の道落葉の上にすめる月影 When I look upward/ standing on the mountain road, recently covered/ with fallen leaves now faded, the silver moon shines clearly. by Sachiko Hayashida 分け入れは山路にははや紅葉葉の錦見えけり初冬の朝 When I go along/ the mountain road this morning it has already/ become much more beautiful with glorious crimson leaves. by Machiko Hattori 夜もすから凩に散る紅葉葉に埋る山路を今朝は越へ行く This morning I went/ over the mountain along the road covered with/ the crimson leaves scattered by the winds which blew through last night. by Masako Sano 散り敷ける峰の落葉も色あせて山に色なき冬の訪れ Seeing that all leaves,/ which have already fallen on the mountainside,/ have faded completely now, winter seems to have arrived. by Aya Ueda |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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