| [Ⅶ]Themes for tanka composition(5) (Intermediate courseⅡ) (9) Tanka in September（2004）平成16年(10/14-11/11) “The chrysanthemum flowering along the hedge” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Nagatsuki [*September]. This month is the last month of autumn, so the showers of late autumn dye the leaves. Now, the chrysanthemum is at its best. The frost falls and the wild geese visit from northern countries. In the previous, primer, course, I suggested you to compose tanka on the theme, "The wild geese," "The first wild geese seen from the breaks in the clouds" and "A shower in late autumn dyes the leaves". In this intermediate course, I hope you can compose on the following themes in succession: “The chrysanthemum flowering or being fragrant,” “The chrysanthemum flowering along the hedge”and “The chrysanthemum whose scent lingers.” This time, I hope you can compose on the second of these, “The chrysanthemum flowering along the hedge.” Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Michitoshi (1046-1099), Kunaikyo (?-1204), Fujiwara no Tamekane (?-?), and myself on this theme. The author, Michitoshi describes the chrysanthemum flowering upon his hedge as white beautiful snow which covers the hedge in his garden. In this tanka a technique called “Mitate” or ‘metaphor or simile’ is used in order to give his readers a lingering aftertaste of his world. That is to say, ‘the snow’ is used as metaphor of the chrysanthemum flowers. The second author, Kunaikyo finds the chrysanthemum flowering upon the hedge in her garden as the pale moonlight but not frost: she watches it when she is heartily waiting for the frost to fall. In this tanka a technique called “Mitate” is also used, but this example shows a deeper technique: she first mistakes for chrysanthemums flowering as ‘frost’because she is waiting for the frost fall. The third author, Tamekane reminds you of the customary event held on 9th September at the Imperial Palace, the Chrysanthemum Festival, in which every participant are to be wipes with cottons which contain moist dew with scent of the chrysanthemum in order to wish for or celebrate the long lives of all. In reading this poem, please notice the words, ‘the dew’ ‘the drops of chrysanthemums’ and ‘fragrant’: you can find that the author composes it thinking about the above event held at the Imperial Palace on 9th. 盛りなる籬の菊を今朝見れはまた空さえぬ雪そ積れる I get up early/ this morning to find flowers, the chrysanthemums/ flowering upon my hedge as if the snow covered it. by Fujiwara no Michitoshi 霜を待つ籬の菊の宵の間に置き迷ふ色は山端の月 It is not frost but/ light coming from mountain side that I mistake for/ chrysanthemums flowering, which I watch in the evening. by Kunaikyo 秋深き籬の露も匂ふなり花より伝う菊のしつくに On the morning of/ a day in deepest autumn the dews on the hedge/ are all the more fragrant for the drops of chrysanthemums. by Fujiwara no Tamekane |
我庭の籬に秋の日は落ちて風にそ揺るゝ菊の色々 Various kinds of/ chrysanthemums on the hedge of my own garden/ are fluttering in the wind after the sun sets as well. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第七章（～歌の主題 5～）[中級講座Ⅱ] 第9節：長月の歌「籬菊」（まがきのきく） 今回は長月の歌を詠んで戴く。長月は晩秋となり、時雨が紅葉を染め、菊の華が咲き、田に稲が稔り、霜が降り、越冬の為に雁が北国からやって来る。歌題としては初級講座では「雁」「雲間初雁」「時雨染紅葉」詠んで戴いたが、中級講座では「菊花薫」「籬菊」「菊香久」を順次に詠んで戴く。今回はニつ目の「籬菊」を詠んで戴く。 「籬菊」を歌題に、藤原通俊、宮内卿、藤原為兼と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 藤原通俊の歌は「真っ盛りに咲いている籬の菊を今朝見ると、まだ空は雲っていたので、あたかも雪が降り積もっているかのように見えた」という意味の歌で、「見立て」の技法を用いたものである。 宮内卿の歌は「霜が降りるかと待っていたところだったので、籬の菊の色も、宵の間に置いた霜かと見間違ってしまったが、実は山の端の月の光であった」という意味の歌で、やはり「見立て」の技法を用いている。しかし、「菊の色」を「宵の間に置 いた露」と思ったのに、「山の端の月の光」であったと見間違えるという手のこんだ技法に作歌の熟練さが伺い知られえるものである。 旧暦９月９日の重陽の節句の前夜には、菊の花に綿を着せて、その綿に菊の香りと露を移し、翌日その綿で身を拭い不老長寿を祈ったという。藤原為兼の歌に詠み込まれている「露」「匂ふ」「花より伝ふ」「菊のしつく」という言葉もこの風習を背景に使われていることに気付くと、歌の鑑賞に役立つと思う。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①冷泉美智子②林田幸子③服部満千子④畠貞子 ①秋風に籬の菊は綻ひて色とりとりに匂ひ芳し As many kinds of/ chrysanthemums on the hedge of my own garden/ are flowering in the breeze, and their scent also lingers. by Michiko Reizei ②置く霜に色とりとりに染め返す籬の菊は秋を留めて Even through the frost/ chrysanthemums on the hedge are all flowering/ without fading, reminding me of autumn's better days. by Sachiko Hayashida ③行く秋の形見と菊は薄く濃く霜に色染め籬埋めり As a memento,/ chrysanthemums dyed by frost are all flowering/ covering the entire hedge on this day of late autumn by Machiko Hattori ④雨止みて籬の菊の露繁く枝もたはゝに咲けるこの朝 After the shower/ chrysanthemums on the hedge with their plentiful/ branches bearing fat dew drops are flowering this morning. by Teiko Hata |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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