| [Ⅶ]Themes for tanka composition(5) (Intermediate courseⅡ) (4) Tanka in April（2004）平成16年(5/19-6/17) “The deutzia flowering like waves rippling on the shore” In this chapter, I intend to discuss how tanka should be composed in Uzuki[April](5/19-6/17). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka is the cuckoo bird and Unohana (the deutzia flower). As the first theme of the intermediate course, I suggested you compose tanka on the theme, "The deutzia which is flowering like moonlight", which is a more complicated or limited theme than "The deutzia flower". As I noted before, the deutzia flower, as it looks like the snow, as well as ripples, is often referred to using a technique called "Mitate" - "metaphor" or "simile" to give your readers a lingering aftertaste of its world. This time, I hope you can write on the focused theme, “The deutzia which is flowering like white waves rippling on the shore” which is illustrated by the following tanka composed in Shin-Kokin by Fujiwara no Shigeie(1127-1180): When the deutzias/ are flowering on the hedge, they look just like fine/ clothing which is well-tailored and white, rippling in the wind. by Fujiwara no Shigeie This tanka is composed using a technique for tanka composition called "Honkadori": to compose tanka by quoting some parts of refined tanka by earlier poets. He composed it by quoting some parts of the following anonymous tanka in Shuishu. The hedge, over which/ deutzias are flowering, looks like white waves, which/ are just rippling in the wind on Magaki island's shore. anonymous Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by the monk, Saigyo(1118-1190); Morikiyo(?-?); anonymous (from Go-shuishu) and myself on this theme. In this chapter, I discussed using a technique called "Mitate", such terms as moonlight, white waves and snow but one more term, white clothes can also used as a reference, of course, as the following tanka shows you. What I mistake for/ clothes dampened by a shower are white deutzias/ flowering along the fence, as I later discover. by Minamoto no Yorimasa This technique called "Mitate" is to used for us to show how beautifully the flower, the deutzias are abloom. I hope you can compose tanka by this technique, for example, to use words like wave, as well as snow, moonlight and clothes to suggest your impression of the deutzias. 山川の浪に紛へる卯の花をたちかへりてや人の折るらん The white deutzias,/ which everybody mistakes for tiny ripples/ on a stream in the mountain-- Does nobody realize? by monk Saigyo 卯の花を音無し川の浪かとて妬くもをらて過きにけるかな Though I notice that/ deutzias are flowering so beautifully/ looking like waves, I depart without picking a flower. by Morikiyo |
白浪の音せて立つと見えつるは卯の花咲ける垣根なりけり It is deutzias/ that I mistake for white waves without any noise/ overcovering the hedge- the deutzias flowering. anonymous 加茂川の白波立つと見るまてに我か籬にも咲ける卯の花 The white deutzias/ are flowering on the hedge in my yard as well/ as if the white waves were just rippling on Kamo's riverside. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第七章（～歌の主題 5～）[中級講座Ⅱ] 第4節：卯月の歌「卯花似波」（うのはななみににたり） 今回は卯月の歌を詠んで戴く。旧暦では卯月は夏の始まりである。そして「卯花」「郭公」が主題となる。中級講座の最初である昨年は「卯花」の歌題に制限を加えた「卯花似月」を詠んで戴いた。卯花は前述のように、他にも「白波」や「雪」に喩えられて詠まれることを述べたが、今年は「白波」に喩えた歌「卯花似波」を詠んで戴く。昨年も既に藤原重家の「卯の花の咲きぬる時は白妙の波もて結へる垣根とそ見る」という歌を紹介したが、これは拾遺集・夏の部に出てくる「卯の花の咲ける垣根は陸奥のまかきの島の波かとそ見る」という読人知らずの歌が本歌となっている。 「卯花似波」を歌題に、西行法師、盛清、と後拾遺集の読人知らずの歌と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 卯の花を「月光」「白波」「雪」に喩えるだけでなく、「白布」と喩える歌もある。源頼政の詠んだ「卯の花の垣根なりけり五月雨に雨さらしする布と見つるは」という歌である。いずれにしても、この「見たて」の技法は「卯の花」が如何に美しく咲いているかを強調するものである。それをある時は、西行法師の歌のように気付いて折って行ってしまったという場合もあれば、その美しさを壊さないために、残念ではあるが枝を折らずに、そのまま過ぎ去ったという盛清の歌のような場合もある。 西行法師の歌は「山川に流れている浪と誰もが気付かずに見違える過ぎ去っていく卯の花が、美しさに魅了されて一本折ってしまった」という歌である。 盛清の歌は「咲いている卯の花が音無し川の浪のように美しく咲いていると分かっていたが、一本折っていこうかと思ったが折らずに立ち去った」という歌である。 読人知らずの歌は「音はしないが白浪に見えた花は、垣根に咲いていた卯の花であった」という歌である。 いずれも、「卯の花」を「白波」に見たてた「見たて」の技法を用いて「卯の花」の歌を詠んで戴く。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②畠貞子③橋本ヒサ子④宿谷政枝 朝ほらけ寄る小波は幾重とて見れは涼しく咲ける卯の花 When I see flowers,/ deutzias, flowering clearly early this morning,/ they appear to me like small waves rippling on the shore. by Wakako Kobayashi 風さやか寄る小波はむれ咲ける月なき夜の白き卯の花 The white deutzias, which/ are flowering in the breeze at night without light,/ look like white waves which ripple and ripple upon the shore. by Teiko Hata 春過きて萌ゆる緑の木の間より波の寄するや卯の花の咲く From among green leaves/ of trees in early summer after spring has passed/ I find the deutzias abloom like waves rippling on the shore. by Hisako Hashimoto 白波の寄するか如く故郷の庭の籬に咲ける卯の花 The white deutzias, which/ are flowering on the hedge of my native house/ can be seen, as if small waves were rippling upon the shore. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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