[Z]Themes for tanka composition(5) (Intermediate courseU) (3) Tanka in March(2004)平成16年(4/19-5/18) “The cherry blossoms whose petals chatter around dawn” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Yayoi[March](4/19-5/18). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is Sakura(cherry blossoms) which are at their best; soon their petals begin falling to the ground. I suggested you compose tanka on the theme, "The cherry blossoms in full bloom linger" two years ago and last year on the theme, "The cherry blossoms which are soon to fall." This time, I hope you can write on the more limited theme, "The cherry blossoms whose petals chatter around dawn." As I mentioned before, it has been said that the cherry blossoms in full bloom are of course so beautiful, but the petals which will soon fall or lie on the ground are also fascinating, as the old poet, Yoshida Kenko(1282-1350) observed in his essay, TSUREZURE-GUSA, "Are the cherry blossoms as well as the moon things which we enjoy watching only when they are at their best?" There are seventy-three tanka in Kokin-Shu and fifty-six in Shin-Kokin-Shu, but among them, forty-six of the former and forty of the latter are composed on the theme, "The cherry blossoms which are soon to fall." Here, I will show you the tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Shunzei(1114-1202), Nijyoin-Sanuki(1140-1217), Emperor Daijyo(1179-1239) and myself on the theme, “The cherry blossoms whose petals chatter around dawn”. In the tanka by Fujiwara no Shunzei, the author observed that we could have never watched such a scene as the cherry blossoms in Katano field whose petals are scattered as if the snow were falling around dawn in any other place. In the Japanese version of this tanka he uses a technique, "Engo" or "a related word", which reminds people of some image beyond the word itself. A word, "kari", which has two meanings, hunting and watching, is related to another word, "yuki" or "snow". That is to say, both these words, meaning hunting and snow, are related to winter. Ma ta ya-mi n/ Ka ta no no mi no no/ Sa ku ra-g(k)a ri Ha na no yu ki chi ru/ Ha ru no a ke bo no In any case, these example tanka are all poetry which reminds people of how fascinating the cherry blossoms, whether at their best or falling, are when we watch them. またや見ん交野のみ野の櫻狩花の雪散る春の曙 Can we ever watch / again such a scene as the cherry petals of/ Katano field scattered like snowfall before the spring dawn? by Fujiwara no Shunzei 山高み峰の嵐に散る花の月にあまきる明け方の空 The mountain is so/ high that the cherry petals scattered in the storm/ prevent the moon at daybreak from shining beautifully. by Nijyoin Sanuki み吉野の高嶺の櫻散りにけり嵐も白き春の曙 The cherry petals/ abloom on Mt. Yoshino are so completely/ scattered by the hard storm that they whiten the sky at dawn. by Emperor Daijyo |
故郷の曙の空櫻花淡雪降るや風に舞ひ散る When I look above/ in the sky on this morning in my own village,/ I find the cherry petals like snow falling in the wind. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第七章(〜歌の主題 5〜)[中級講座U] 第3節:弥生の歌「曙落花」(あけぼののらっか) 今回は弥生の歌を詠んで戴く。弥生といえば、如月に咲き始めた櫻が満開を迎え、やがて散って行く季節である。一昨年は「花久盛」、昨年は「落花」をそれぞれ詠んで戴いたが、今年は櫻が散って行く様子の中でも、「明け方に散って行く桜」という制限を加えた「曙落花」を詠んで戴く。 櫻は前述のように、咲き盛っている姿も美しいものであるが、やがて散って行く風情もまた格別であると捉えられてきた。吉田兼好も「徒然草」の中で、「花は盛りに、月はくま無きをのみ見るものかは」と述べている通りである。 櫻の花の美しさを詠んだ歌は古今和歌集に73首、新古今和歌集に56首ほどあるが、その内、前者の46首、後者の40首が散る櫻、つまり、「落花」を詠んでいるのである。 「曙落花」を歌題に新古今和歌集の中から、藤原俊成、二条院讃岐、太上天皇(後鳥羽院)の歌と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 藤原俊成の歌は「また見ることがあるだろうか。交野の櫻狩での、櫻の花が雪のように散るこの春の曙の美しい景色を」という意味の歌である。「櫻狩」は櫻を観賞することであるが、その「狩」は通常冬の行事である。また、櫻を見立てて用いた「雪」も同じく冬の言葉である。そこで、この歌の中の「狩」と「雪」は修辞法の「縁語」になっている。 二条院讃岐の歌は、「山が高いので、峰の嵐で散る花が月のもとで、明け方の空を一面に曇らせる」という意味の歌である。 太上天皇の歌は、「吉野の高嶺の櫻が散ってしまった。そこで、嵐までもが白くなっている春の曙であることよ」という意味の歌である。 私の歌は「故郷の曙の空を見ると、櫻の花びらがまるで淡雪が降るかのように、風に舞ひ散っていた」という意味の歌である。 この歌も櫻を「雪」に見立てて詠んだ歌であるが、ただ「雪」とせず、「淡雪」としたところが違っている。「雪」は冬の言葉であるのに対して、「淡雪」は春の季語である。 例歌はいずれも、櫻は咲いている時だけでなく、散って行く風情もまた格別であることを詠んだものである。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 @藤田京子A佐藤長子B橋本ヒサ子C宿谷政枝 @御園生に散り果てゝなお櫻花朝の風に色香漂ふ The cherry blossoms/ in the park have just fallen in the morning wind,/ but remain upon the ground and the scent of them lingers. by Kyoko Fujita A夜もすから嵐に花の散り敷くや朝の園生雪と紛へる Have cherry petals/ been scattered by the storm that raged and raged all night,/ I wonder? Now the parkground is covered with them like snow. by Nagako Sato B春うらゝ園に咲き満つ櫻花朝風淡く袖に散り舞ふ The cherry blossoms,/ abloom in the morning sun all over the park,/ have begun to be scattered upon the sleeves of my clothes. by Hisako Hashimoto C故郷の庭の櫻は朝またき吹く微風に雪と散り初む The cherry blossoms,/ abloom in my own yard have just begin falling/ this morning in the gentle breeze as if they were falling snow. by Masae Shukuya |
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古典短歌講座(第1版) Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
プラボットの異端児(短歌入門部屋)に戻る 当サイトはリンクフリーです、どうぞご自由に。 Copyright(c) 2010 Yoshihiro Kuromichi(plabotnoitanji@yahoo.co.jp) |
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