| [Ⅶ]Themes for tanka composition(5) (Intermediate courseⅡ) (1) Tanka in January（2004）平成16年(1/22-2/19) “Warblers, which sing behind the haze” In all of this year's articles, I would like to discuss the themes on which one should compose tanka in order to express his/her heart in the same way the ancient poets expressed the impressions they had of the beauties of every season in their tanka as I noted last year. In Mutsuki[January](1/22-2/19), the most suitable themes on which to compose tanka are Ume(plum blossom), Uguisu(bush warbler) and Kasumi(haze). I suggested that you compose tanka on the theme, "Warblers tell me spring has arrived" two years ago, and last year, "The haze of early spring", but this year, I hope you can compose on the theme, "Warblers, which sing behind the haze". Here, to aid your tanka composition, I will show you the following tanka, which were composed by Otomo no Yakamochi(718?-785) from the tanka collection, Manyo-shu, monk Saigyo(1118-1190) in Sanka-shu, Fujiwara no Yoshitsune(1169-1206) in Fuga-shu, and myself on the theme, “Warblers, which sing behind the haze”. From the mist of time, poets have used not merely the haze, but also both ume blossoms and the bush warblers as a typical theme for this month and early spring. So, this time, I hope you can compose tanka on the theme, "Warblers" and their relation to the haze. Please appreciate how old poets composed tanka about warblers, which they heard sing from the haze hanging deep, as shown in some examples. I am very moved by the contrast between the haze, which is reflected by the author's brooding mentality, and warblers, whose voice the author seems to hear so brilliantly after I read tanka by Otomo no Yakamochi. The monk Saigo's tanka impresses me with how the author seems to hear warblers sing cheerfully as in the tanka by Yakamochi. While Fujiwara no Yoshitsune's shows that the most pleasant things in spring are not only the cherry blossoms, which help us to cheer our hearts when they are at their best, but also the warblers, which I can glimpse singing behind the haze covering the fields and mountains or forests. Anyway, all authors hear the warblers sing all the more pleasantly because they can be heard from afar behind the haze hanging deep in the fields or forests. So, I hope you can compose your best tanka after you read the examples again and again. 春の野に霞たなひきうら悲しこの夕かけに鶯鳴くも The haze covering/ over all the fields around can be felt touching,/ while the singing of warblers comes to me this spring evening. by Otomo no Yakamochi 憂き身にて聞くも惜しきは鶯の霞にむせふ曙の声 It's the warblers, which/ sing behind the stifling haze early this morning,/ that I feel so valuable even if I am depressed. by monk Saigyo 春の色は花ともいはし霞よりこほれてにほふ鶯の声 The most pleasant thing/ in spring is not the blossoms but the warblers, which/ I catch a glimpse of as their song comes out from the haze. by Fujiwara no Yoshitsune |
春霞棚引く峰に鶯の初音のとけき里の曙 How tranquil it is/ to hear in my home village the warblers singing/ first behind the haze hanging all around the mountain peak. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第七章（～歌の主題 5～）[中級講座Ⅱ] 第1節：睦月の歌「霞中鶯」（かすみのなかのうぐひす） 第6章に続いて本章でも、短歌として何を詠むべきかに言及したいと思う。古来から日本の歌人達は自然の四季の変化に感動し、その美しさを歌に詠んできた。つまり、歌の主題は「四季を詠む」ものであった。この一年間も、日本の歌人達が四季折々に取り扱ってきた主な主題を取り上げて、その例歌を参考に読者の方々にも歌を詠んで戴きたいと思う。睦月といえば、「梅」を筆頭にして、「鶯」と「初霞（ういがすみ）」が主題となる。歌題としては、一昨年は「鶯告春」、昨年は「初春霞」を詠んで戴いたが、今回は「霞中鶯」を詠んで戴く。 「霞中鶯」を歌題に、万葉集の大伴家持の歌、山家集の西行法師の歌、風雅集の藤原良経の歌と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 「梅と鶯と霞」は春の到来を告げる象徴的な歌題で、古来から歌人達が好んで取り上げてきた。その内、今回は「鶯と霞」を組み合わせて歌に詠んで戴く。霞の中から聞こえてくる鶯の声を古代の歌人達はどのように聞いたのだろうか。例歌を参照して戴きたい。 大伴家持の歌は「春の野に霞が棚引いて、もの悲しく感じられる。しかし、一方、この夕方の淡い日差しの中で鶯が鳴いている」という意味の歌である。自分の憂いの気持ちに共感する霞の中で、その憂さを晴らすかのように対照的な明るい鶯の声が印象的である。 西行法師の歌は「例え気持ちが沈んでいる私であっても、聞き甲斐のあるものは、朝早く霞んでいる野辺の奥から咽ぶように聞こえてくる鶯の鳴き声である」という意味の歌である。家持の歌と同じく、明るい春を象徴する鶯の声に対する感動が伝わってくる歌である。 藤原良経の歌は「春を象徴する最も喜ばしいものは、当然誰しも櫻の花を挙げるだろうが、それに勝るとも劣らないものが、霞の向こうから漏れ聞こえてくる鶯の初音である」という意味の歌である。 いずれも、霞に隠されているが故に、一層感動を大きくしている鶯の初音を詠んだ歌である。これらを参照して、自分の感動を歌に詠んで戴きたい。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①服部満千子②佐藤長子③細辻靖子④宿谷政枝 ①嵯峨野辺に春や立つらし初霞棚引く中に鶯の声 Spring seems to have come/ even to Sagano-field: the songs of warblers/ can be heard beyond the haze, which hangs all over the field. by Machiko Hattori ②鶯の声に明けぬる山里に霞む夕へも又訪ひて鳴く Not only in the/ morning but also at dusk warblers visit this/ village in a mountain vale, shrouded in haze, to sing songs. by Nagako Sato ③山里の霞の中に春告けて朝な夕なに鳴くや鶯 The warblers begin/ chirping without stop to tell us spring has arrived/ behind the deep haze which hangs over the mountain village. by Yasuko Hosotsuji ④故郷の野辺来てみれは初霞煙る中より鶯の声 As soon as I get/ to my own native village, voices of warblers/ can be heard behind the haze, which hangs over the valley. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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