| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (11) Tanka November （2003）平成15年(11/24-12/22) “The plovers around the riversides” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Shimotsuki[November](11/24-12/22), The most suitable themes on which to compose tanka this month are "The first snowfall", on which I suggested you compose tanka as one of the themes of the previous, primer, course and the theme, "The buried embers" as well. Because it becomes colder and colder day by day in Shimotsuki and we tend to go to bed early or sit still beside the fireplace, in which embers are buried in the ashes. On the other hand, the theme, "The plovers" is also suitable for this season: the plovers visit here from northern countries in order to stay over the coldest season as other birds also do. So, this was the last theme on the list of the previous, primer, course. This time, I hope you can compose tanka on the theme, “The plovers around the riversides”, which is a variation on the theme last year, "The plovers around the seashore". So, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by monk Noin(?-986-?), Fujiwara no Nagayoshi(?-?), Jyuntokuin(1197-1242) and myself on the theme which I discusssed above. As I noted before, the voices of plovers are all sorrowful. So, these have been the subject of poetry and art from the mist of time in Japan. And we often can hear them weeping anytime not only in the morning or evening but also at night. Here, I will show you the tanka by Yamabe no Akahito(?-?) in which the author composes on the plovers which weep around midnight. Even at midnight/ the weeping of the plovers can be also heard/ from around the riversides, where a lot of oak trees stand. by Yamabe no Akahito Furthermore, they live around the water's edges. So, poets have composed on plovers which lie near the lakes, beaches, capes as well as seashores or riversides. There is a tanka by monk Noin that is said to have been composed when he visited Oshu, which is located near the seashore in the northern area in Japan where the Noda-no-Tama river runs. 夕されは潮風越して陸奥の野田の玉川千鳥鳴くなり Around the evening/ many plovers are weeping along the river,/ Noda-no-Tamagawa, where the wind from the sea blows. by monk Noin 河霧は汀をこめて立ちにけり何処なるらん千鳥鳴くなり The haze has risen/and covered all round the shore. But notwithstanding,/ the weeping of the plovers can be heard from everywhere. by Fujiwara no Nagayoshi 高砂の尾上の月やふけぬらん川音すみて千鳥鳴くなり As the night goes on,/ when the moon rises above the peaks of mountains,/ the weeping of the ploveres can be heard with a murmur. by Jyuntokuin |
小夜更けて加茂の川原に月澄めはいつ訪ぬるや千鳥鳴くなり All over the shores/ of Kamo-River being bright in the full moon/ the plovers, I wonder when they had come, begin weeping. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第11節：霜月の歌「川千鳥」（かはのちどり） 今回は霜月の歌を詠んで戴く。霜月といえば、木々の葉がすっかり落ちて寒さが身にこたえる季節である。そして雪が降ってくるのを待つ季節である。そこで「初雪」が欠かせない歌題である。寒さは日々厳しくなり、衾や火が恋しくなる。そして、越冬のために色々な鳥が渡って来る。その一つに千鳥がある。 初級講座では、「初雪」「埋火」「浦千鳥」を歌を詠んで戴いたが、中級講座では先ず、昨年の歌題の変形である「川千鳥」を詠んで戴く。「川千鳥」を歌題に、能因法師、藤原長能、順徳院と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 千鳥は前述の如く、哀調が篭っており、古来より詩歌や絵画の素材となった。また、朝夕を初め、夜にも鳴き声を聞くことがしばしばである。山辺赤人も「夜が更けると、楸の生えている清い川原に千鳥の鳴く声が聞こえる」という意味の「むは玉の夜の更けゆけは楸生ふる清き川原に千鳥鳴くなり」という歌を詠んでいる。 また、千鳥の生息する場所は水辺であるので、川や浦だけでなく、湖、磯、岬、浜等で千鳥の歌は詠まれている。 能因法師の歌は、奥州に下った時に詠んだ歌で、「夕方になると、海の潮風が吹いてきて、奥州の野田の玉川に千鳥の鳴くのが聞こえる」という意味の歌である。 藤原長能の歌は、「河霧が立ち篭めているので、姿は見えないが、どこからともなく千鳥の鳴くのが聞こえる」という意味の歌である。 順徳院の歌は、「高砂の峰の上に昇った月の夜更、澄んだせせらぎの音のする川で千鳥鳴くなり千鳥の鳴くのが聞こえる」という意味の歌である。 私の歌は、「夜も更けて、澄んだ月が煌々と加茂の川原に照らす頃、いつ訪ねて来たのだろうか、千鳥が鳴き始めていた」という意味の歌である。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①本儀良雄②池野幸子③佐野正子④宿谷政枝 ①呼ひ交はす声そ寒けき川千鳥川辺の松に群れて休らふ The calling voices/ of plovers, which crowd around both the riverbanks/ along which the pine trees stand can be heard as sounds of cold. by Yoshio Motogi ②小夜更けて松風荒ふ川岸に妻を恋ふるや千鳥鳴く声 Do the plovers call/ to their wives too, I wonder? I hear them calling/ to each other on the banks at night when the wind blows hard. by Sachiko Ikeno ③小夜更けて月も遥けき川岸にいとど侘しき千鳥鳴く声 Voices of plovers,/ which weep solitarily on the riverbanks/ where the moon shines in the sky, can be heard so late at night. by Masako Sano ④北上のせせらき騒く岸辺にも今朝訪のふや千鳥鳴く声 Have the plovers reached/ Kitakami riverbanks, I wonder?; I hear/ them calling to each other as water flows over pebbles. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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