| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (9) Tanka in September（2003）平成15年(9/26-10/24) “The chrysanthemum flowering or being fragrant” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Nagatsuki[September](9/26-10/24), This month is the last month of autumn, so the showers of late autumn dye the leaves. Now, the chrysanthemum is at its best. The frost falls and the wild geese visit from northern countries. In the previous, primer course, I suggested you compose tanka on the themes, "The wild geese", "The first wild geese seen from the breaks in the clouds" and "A shower in late autumn dyes the leaves". In this intermediate course, I hope you can compose on the following themes, one by one: "The chrysanthemum flowering or being fragrant", "The chrysanthemum flowering along the hedge" and "The chrysanthemum whose scent lingers". This time, first of all, I hope you can compose tanka on the theme, “The chrysanthemum flowering or being fragrant”. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Shunzei(1114-1202), Kino Tomonori(?-905-?), a fellow pupil, Michiko Reizei and myself on this theme. In ancient days in Japaｎ, "The chrysanthemum viewing party", during which people drank sake from golbets, upon which they floated someof the petals, as well as viewing them, was held on 9th September every year at the Imperial Palace as one event of "the Chrysanthemum Festival. There people would compose tanka wishing for or celebrating the long lives of the Emperor and others. That is, the chrysanthemum was then appriciated only during the first part of September, whereas nowdays we can view it all the time. So, twelve tanka on this theme including the following one by Oshikochi no Mitsune are printed in Kokin-shu. As my own garden/ is covered with the first frost early this morning,/ I wonder whether I hold a white chrisanthemum stem.by Ooshikouchi no Mitsune(29) In this tanka the author tried to express that the chrysanthemums flower so white that he mistakes them for the first frost. That is, he uses a technique called "Mitate" - "metaphor" or "simile": frost is used as metaphor of chrysanthemum as well as he contrasts frost with it. Both authors, Fujiwara no Shunzei and Kino Tomonori also use the same technique, "metaphor": the former uses the frost laid upon the waterfowl as metaphor for chrysanthemums and the latter uses the sleeves as metaphor. On the other hand, a tanka by Michiko Reizei reminds us of the old custom that people in the Imperial Palace had and the author makes her tanka vivid by using a technique called "Kakekotoba" in her Japanese version: a word, "kiku" means both "listen to" and a flower itself, "chrysanthemum". 水鳥の集く汀の白菊をうは毛の霜に紛へつるかな The chrysanthemums/ flowering along the shore, where the waterfowl/ come together, are so white that I take them for the frost. by Fujiwara no Shunzei 花見つゝ人待つ時は白妙の袖かとのみそあやまたれける Whenever I wait/ for my love watching flowers, the chrysanthemums,/ I often mistake them for the sleeves of clothes my love wears. by Kino Tomonori |
千歳ふる昔のことをきくの花老せぬ姿香り床しき As it has been told/ for more than one hundred years, the chrysanthemums/ are surely so elegant and fragrant without fading. by Michiko Reizei 秋更けて置く玉露も甘からむ庭の籬に薫る白菊 The chrysanthemums/ flowering along the hedge of my own garden/ are so white that dew on them lets me image them so sweet. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第9節：長月の歌「菊花薫」（きくのはなかをる） 今回は長月の歌を詠んで戴く。長月は晩秋となり、時雨が紅葉を染め、菊の華が咲き、田に稲が稔り、霜が降り、越冬の為に雁が北国からやって来る。歌題としては初級講座では「雁」「雲間初雁」「時雨染紅葉」詠んで戴いたが、中級講座では「菊花薫」「籬菊」「菊香久」を順次に詠んで戴く。今回は先ず「菊花薫」を詠んで戴く。 「菊花薫」を歌題に、藤原俊成、紀友則、歌の同門の冷泉美智子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 旧暦９月９日の重陽の節句には昔、宮中に於いては、「観菊の宴」という菊を愛でる行事が行われ、菊の花が浮かべられた杯で酒が酌み交わされた。そして、長寿を祝い、群臣が歌を詠んだという。つまり、菊は現在のようにいつでも見られるものではなく、長月になって先ず最初に観賞すべき花であったことが伺い知れる。古今和歌集にも百人一首にも出てくる「折るならばあてずっぽうにでも折ってみようか。しかし、菊が余りに白いので、一面に降りた初霜で菊が何処にあるのか分からないでいる」という意味の「心あてに折らはや折らむ初霜の置き惑はせる白菊の花」という凡河内躬恒の歌を含めて12首もの歌が収められている。躬恒の歌では、白菊の花を「霜」に見立てるという「見立て」の修辞法が用いられている。藤原俊成の歌も同様である。この歌の中では、白菊を「水鳥のうは毛に降りた霜」に見立てている。さらに、紀友則の歌は「白妙の袖」に見立てているのである。（第三章第7節） 一方、歌の同門の冷泉美智子氏の歌は長寿を祝うという重陽の節句の昔の習わしを彷彿とさせるものがある。そして、「昔のことを聞く」の「聞く」と「菊の花」の「菊」とを掛けるという「掛詞」の修辞法が歌を生き生きとさせている。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①服部満千子②林田幸子③上田文④宿谷政枝 ①夕暮れて霧籬辺にかかれとも菊の盛るや香り寄せ来る The mist prevents me/ watching around the hedges; the chrysanthemums/ can not be seen at all but only the fragrant flutters. by Machiko Hattori ②朝露に花は閉ちめと白菊の一入高く香り漂ふ The chrysanthemums/ upon which the white dews lie, are so brilliantly/ flowering in the morning as are called the last flowers. by Sachiko Hayashida ③秋長けて月澄む野辺も山路にも我か庭面にも薫る白菊 The chrysanthemums/ are flowering in my yard as well as along/ the mountain road and the field, where the moon shines in late fall. by Aya Ueda ④詣すれは 森の社の 裏庭に 気高く薫る 白菊の花 I went to the shrine/ in the glove to find flowers, the chrysanthemums,/ flowering dignifiedly together in its backyard. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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