| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (8) Tanka in August （2003）平成15年(8/28-9/25) “The silver grass” In this chapter, I will try to explain how tanka should be composed in Hazuki[August](8/28-9/25). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is "Tsuki" or "The moon". The full moon this month, which we have called the harvest moon, has been admired as the most beautiful one since the mists of time in Japan. So, both "The silver grass" and "The yellow grass" have been offered to this harvest moon on the midday of this mouth as well as in autumn. So, the themes such as "The silver grass, "The yellow grass" are all considered to be suitable ones of this month. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Ietaka(1158-1237), Arihara no Muneyana(?-898), anonymous and myself on the theme, “The silver grass”. As the silver grass looks like a human hand, it looks as if it beckoned someone to come when it flutters in the wind. So, in tanka collection, Shin-kokinshu there is such a poetess as Hachijyoin-Rokujyo(?-?) who composes the following tanka: The silver grass/ is fluttering in the wind, which blows anywhere,/ like a woman who follows after her capricious man. by Hchijyoin-Rokujyo That is to say, the author used a technique called "Mitate" or "metaphor" or "simile" to give your readers a lingering aftertaste of its world: a woman and a capricious man are used as metaphor of the silver grass and the wind. The authors such as Fujiwara no Ietaka and Arihara no Muneyana also describe the situation of the silver grass fluttering by using a technique called "Mitate". In the anonymous tanka, the author only describes what the silver grasses are, however, he composed it by using excellent techniques such as "Kakekotoba" and "Engo" in the following Japanese version: Ogura in Ogura-yama that stands for another Japanese word, "ogura" which means "faint" is a related word of "honokani" which means "faintly". Furthermore, a letter, "ho" in "honokani" that stands for another Japanese word, "ho" which means "ear" is a related word of "hanasusuki" which means "the siver grass". Ogura-yama/ fumotono nobeno/ hanasusuki honokani miyuru/ akino yu-ugure 朝ほらけ遠方人の霧の間に行く方告くる花薄かな This early morning/ the silver grasses flutter as if some people/ told where to go in the mist to a man who lost his way. by Fujiwara no Ietaka 秋の野の草の袂か花薄ほに出て招く袖と見ゆらむ The silver grass, which/ are the sleeves of all the grass in the autumn field,/ I wonder? They strikingly seem to invite me to come. by Arihara no Muneyana 小倉山麓の野辺の花薄ほのかに見ゆる秋の夕暮 The silver grass, which/ flutters around the foot of Ogura mountain/ can be indistinctly seen upon this autumn evening. anonymous |
銀の薄の穂先夕されは露には月の影宿すらむ Upon the dew drops/ new laid on the silver grass the moonlight will be/ glittering just as soon as the sun sets and it gets dark. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第8節：葉月の歌「薄」（すすき） 今回は葉月の歌を詠んで戴く。葉月といえば、まず月である。葉月の月を「仲秋の名月」と呼び、古来から最も美しい月として尊ばれてきた。その月に供えるものに「薄」と「女郎花」がある。そして、「鹿」が鳴き、木々の葉は「紅葉」し、「鶉」が日本列島の北部から中南部におりてくる。「薄」「女郎花」「鹿」「紅葉」「鶉」等はいずれも葉月の歌題である。その内、初級講座で「谷紅葉」「雲間月」「鶉」を詠んで戴いたが、中級講座の最初である今年は「薄」を歌題に歌を詠んで戴く。「薄」を歌題に藤原家隆、在原棟梁、読人知らずと私の歌を例歌としてみた。 薄の姿は人の掌のようなので、風でも吹くと人を手招きしているかのように見える。新古今和歌集に出てくる歌には、花薄を「どんな女性にも声を掛けてまわる浮気な男性に、無駄にも付き従う弱い女性」に見立てて詠んだ八条院六条の「野辺ことに訪れ渡る秋風をあたにも靡く花薄かな」という歌まである。 藤原家隆や在原棟梁の歌は、薄の姿を人の掌に見立てて、その様子を的確に描いている。 家隆の歌は「霧のかかっている朝方、遠方からやって来る人の行くべき方向を薄が指し示している」という意味であり、棟梁の歌は「薄は美しい着物を着ていると見立てた秋の野の草の袂なのだろうか」という意味である。 読人知らずの歌は「小倉山の麓の野辺の花薄が秋の夕暮にはほのかに目に浮かぶ」という単純な意味であるが、掛詞と縁語とを見事に組み合わせた技巧的な歌である。まず、「小倉山」の「小倉」は「薄暗い」という意味の「小暗」との掛詞になっており、「ほのかに」の縁語となっている。さらに、「ほのかに」の「ほ」は薄の「穂」との掛詞になっており、「花薄」の縁語となっているのである。 私の歌は「太陽が沈み、暗くなると直ぐに、銀色に輝く薄の穂先に降りた露には、月の光が映っていた」という意味の歌である。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①池野幸子②上田文③小橋良子④宿谷政枝 ①故郷の岡の行く手の花薄風吹くまゝに白穂靡ける The silver grass stalks/ are fluttering in the breeze all over the hill/ located in my village when I visit it today. by Sachiko Ikeno ②白妙の尾花か袖の打ち靡き岡の初風錦織り成す The silver grass which/ can be seen like brocade all around the hill/ looks like the sleeves of dresses as they flutter in the breeze. by Aya Ueda ③打ち靡く尾花か波を紅に染めつゝ暮るゝ岡は静けき All over the hill,/ where the pale, silver grasses are still fluttering/ like rippling waves before dark, it has become quiet. by Ryoko Kobashi ④十六夜の月に白波立つ如く薄か原に風は寄せ来る All the silver grass/ is fluttering in the breeze as if the white waves/ were rolling into the shore under the sixteenth day's moon. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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