| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (6) Tanka in June （2003）平成15年(6/30-7/28) “The coolness beside the stream” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Minazuki[June](6/30-7/28). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is "Yudachi" or 'Evening showers'. In the previous, primer, course, I suggested you compose tanka on the themes, "The clear sky after a shower" and "Evening showers in the distance". However, there are many other things which bring us cool feelings besides the showers when it is so hot in summer. So, in this intermediate course, I hope you can compose tanka on the following themes, one by one: "The coolness beside the stream", "The coolness under the trees" and "The coolness of the evening". This time, first of all, I hope you can compose tanka on the theme “The coolness beside the stream”. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Kino Tsurayuki (872?-945) from Kokin-Shu, by Fujiwara no Ietsune (1000-1058) from Shiika-Shu, by Fujiwara no Ietaka (1158-1237) from Shika-Shu , and myselfon this theme. In the Japanese version of the tanka by Kino Tsurayuki, the author expresses how the cool waves ripple on the banks of the stream using a few skillful techniques for tanka composition: makura-kotoba which is the five-sound word to modify the other special word, and kake-kotoba which holds two different meanings at once though both have the same sound when read. These techniques remind your readers of something that you want to make them think about after they read your tanka and engo or a related word, which reminds your readers of some image beyond the word itself. Firstly, "karakoromo", which stands for Chinese robes, is the makura-kotoba of "himoyu". "himoyu" also stands for both "around the evening" and "wear". So, "himoyu" itself is the kake-kotoba. And "tachi" stands for both "cut" of "cut suits" and "ripple on" of "the wave ripples on". Furthermore, both "himoyu", which stands for "wear" and "tachi", which stands for "cut" are related words to "karakoromo" or "Chinese robes". Misogisuru/ kawanose mireba/ karakoromo himoyu-ugureni/ namizo tachikeru In the tanka by Fujiwara no Ietsune, the author expresses how he feels cool although it is so hot in summer time as the tanka by Fujiwara no Ietaka does also. 禊する川の瀬見れは唐衣日も夕暮れに波そ立ちける As I watch the stream,/ around the evening in which I ought to wear robes/ performing my ablutions, the cool waves ripple on it. by Kino Tsurayuki 風吹けは川辺涼しき寄る浪の立ち返るへきここちこそせね The breeze from the stream/ is too cool for me to leave its banks with ripples/ as if the waves which roll in would not return to the sea. by Fujiwara no Ietsune 堰き止むる山下水を結ふ手の雫に秋の露そ溢るゝ The water I draw/ from the torrent which is dammed, falling from my palms/ is so cool that the dew drops overflow upon the leaves. by Fujiwara no Ietaka |
故郷の川の辺に立ち眺むれは川面を渡る風は寄せ来る When I stand upon/ the streambanks and look homeward on my returning,/ the breeze comes softly rippling across the surface of it. by Shukuya Mutsuo 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第6節：水無月の歌「川辺納涼」（かわべのどうりょう） 今回は水無月の歌を詠んで戴く。水無月といえば、まず暑さが極まって大暑を迎える月である。この暑さに清涼感を与えるものの一つに夕立がある。そこで、初級講座では、その清々しい清涼感を詠む歌題に「夕立」「夕立晴」「遠夕立」を詠んで戴いた。しかし、暑さに清涼感を与えるものは他にもある。川辺や樹陰、そして夕方になれば自ずから涼しくなる。そこで、中級講座では「川辺納涼」「樹陰納涼」「夕納涼」を順次に詠んで戴く。今回はまず「川辺納涼」を詠んで戴く。 「川辺納涼」を歌題に、紀貫之、藤原家経、藤原家隆と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 紀貫之の歌は「みそぎをする川の瀬を見ると、日も、みそぎがすんで着物の紐を結ぶ夕暮れで、涼しい波が立っている」という意味の歌であるが、この歌の中には、「枕詞」「掛詞」「縁語」等の技巧に富んだ歌の修辞法が用いられており、知的な作風が伺われる。具体的には、「唐衣」が「（ひもゆふ）日も夕」の枕詞で、その「日も夕」は衣の「紐を結ふ」という意味を掛けた「掛詞」になっており、さらに、「波そ立ち」の「立ち」は、「唐衣を裁ち」の「裁ち」という意味を掛けた「掛詞」で、「紐結ふ」並びに「裁ち」は「唐衣」の「縁語」となっている。 藤原家経の歌は「風が吹けば川辺は涼しく波が打ち寄せては返してゆくが、私は涼しさのあまり、波のように立ち返る気持ちにはなれない」という意味の歌で、「川辺納涼」を題意を最も素直に詠んだ歌である。 藤原家隆の歌は「堰き止めた谷川の水を掬い上げると、手から零れ落ちる雫は秋の露が溢れるように涼しい」という意味の歌で、読者に清涼感を連想させる歌である。（この「秋の露」葉の上に溢れる露と見立てて英訳した。） Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①畠貞子②勝岡房江③宿谷政枝④山本綾子 秋の色の風に見えける川の辺に手馴れし扇暫し忘るゝ The breeze fluttering/ from the river is so cool beside its shore that/ I often forget to hold a folding fan in my hand. by Teiko Hata 打ち寄する波も変らぬ故郷の川の夕風袖に涼しき The breeze fluttering/ from the stream in the evening along with the waves/ washing the shore in my town is so cool I close my sleeves. by Fusae Katsuoka 細波の立つ川辺に佇めは衣手涼し風の寄せくる Whenever I stood/ beside the shore, along which the ripples come up,/ the sleeves of my summer clothes would flutter in the cool breeze. by Masae Shukuya 風かよふ川辺の水も誘なふや袂涼しき夏の夕暮 The breeze fluttering/ through the ripples which come up the shore of the stream/ also goes through my own sleeves on the evening of the day. by Ayako Yamamoto |
|
| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
| プラボットの異端児（短歌入門部屋）に戻る 当サイトはリンクフリーです、どうぞご自由に。 Copyright(c) 2010 Yoshihiro Kuromichi(plabotnoitanji@yahoo.co.jp) |
||