| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (5) Tanka in May （2003）平成15年(5/31-6/29) “The early summer rain” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Satsuki[May](5/31-6/29). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is Hotaru(The fireflies). So, in the previous, primer, course, I suggested you compose tanka on the theme, "The fireflies", "The fireflies flying round a stream" and "The fireflies shine on the seaweed". This month, when the fireflies fly about, the rain also frequently falls softly, as the following tanka clearly shows: Along the river,/ on which the moon does not shine because of the rain,/ the fireflies flying about light up the seaweed dimly. by Fumiko Reizei This time I hope you can write on the theme, “The early summer rain”. When you hear about this rain, you may be reminded of the oppressive weather of this season. The fact that it is easy to fall ill and feel as if everything goes bad, off or sour; anything you set in the sun will not get dry during this season has been known since long ago. So, there are no tanka composed about early summer rain in Manyo-Shu and Kokin-Shu also has no tanka except the following tanka by Kino Tomonori(?-905-?): Whence will the cuckoo/ I hear chirping in the night while the summer rain/ is now falling fly away? -- I am lost in meditation. by Kino Tomonori As time went on, the way of thinking about the summer rain, the poets had had, changed gradually. And poets after Kokin-Shu tried to compose on the early summer rain. Although it reminds people of oppressive weather, they can express their good wishes to old people because it rains for a long while. It is said that Fujiwara no Yoshitsune(1169-1206) composed the following tanka to celebrate the 90th birthday of the poet, Fujiwara no Shunzei(1114-1202): As the summer rain/ has fallen for a long while, even straw festoons/ set up all around the rice fields must have rotted completely. by Fujiwara no Yoshitsune Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Takasuke(?-1075-?), Fujiwara no Mototoshi(1059-1142), Ise no Taifu(?-806-?) and myself on the theme, "The early summer rain". 五月雨に日も暮れぬめり道遠み山田の早苗とりもはてぬに Before I even/ finished gathering rice sprouts in the summer rain,/ it gets so completely dark at the field on the far hill. by Fujiwara no Takasuke いととしく賎の庵のいふせきに卯の花したく五月雨そする Early summer rain/ has been falling so softly that the deutzias/ fade entirely and my little hut, even, cannot be clearly made out. by Fujiwara no Mototoshi 如何許り田子の裳裾も濡つらん雲間も見えぬ頃の五月雨 How the trains get wet/ the farmers wear in the fields in the summer rain/ falling softly all the time without no breaks in the clouds? by Ise no Taifu |
五月雨の 降るたひことに 緑ます 我か懐かしき 故郷の山 The green leaves of trees/ covering the whole mountains in my home village/ deepen little by little with each coming rain, I feel. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第5節：皐月の歌 「五月雨」（さみだれ） 今回は皐月の歌を詠んで戴く。皐月といえば、「蛍」が主題となる。そこで、初級講座では「蛍」「澤蛍」「蛍照水草」を詠んで戴いたが、「蛍」は前述の「蛍照水草」を歌題に、歌の師範・冷泉布美子先生の詠んだ「五月雨に月はつれなき里川の藻草ほのかに蛍照らせり」という歌にあるように、五月雨の降る季節に飛び交うものである。そこで、皐月の歌題として、中級講座の最初である今年は「五月雨」を詠んで戴く。 五月雨と聞くと、誰でも鬱陶しさを感じるものである。実際に昔から、病気が起き易く、食物は腐りやすく、洗濯物を干してもなかなか乾かないのが五月雨の季節である。そこで、万葉集には「五月雨」を詠んだ歌がない。また、古今和歌集にも、「五月雨の音を聞きながら、なんとなく物思いにふけっていると、郭公が夜更けの空を鳴いて飛ぶのが聞こえるが、いったいどの方角をさして行くのだろうか」という意味の紀友則の「五月雨に物思ひをれは郭公夜ふかく鳴きていつち行くらむ」という歌があるに止まる。 しかし、その後、「五月雨」に対する考え方にも変化が表れ、「五月雨」も歌に詠まれるようになった。「五月雨」は人に鬱陶しさを感じさせる半面、雨が長く降り続くことから、誰もが願う長寿の祝意を込めて詠んだ歌が現れた。新古今和歌集の中にある藤原良経の「小山田に引く注連縄のうちはへて朽ちやしぬらん五月雨のころ」という歌は藤原俊成の卆寿の祝いに「注連縄が朽ち果てるまで降り続く五月雨のように長く生きてください」という長寿の祝意を込めて詠んだ歌と言われている。 「五月雨」を歌題に、藤原隆資、藤原基俊、伊勢大輔と私の歌を例歌としてみた。「五月雨」はそれを受け取る人によって、鬱陶しくも、有り難くもなるものであるが、いづれの例歌も五月雨を夏の風物詩の一つとして詠まれたものである。私の歌は前章第二章第４節でご紹介したが、財団法人・冷泉家時雨亭が年四回発行している機関紙「志くれてい」の「なでしこ欄」に初めて投稿して入選した歌である。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①畠貞子②林田幸子③上田文④宿谷政枝 月匂ふあたりか雲の仄あかくいつしか晴るゝ五月雨の空 The summer rain, which/ has been falling for a while, completely stopped and/ even clouds are vanishing: the moon can be faintly seen. by Teiko Hata 五月雨の燻せき空を眺むれは晴るゝを知らぬ雲の八重垣 When the summer rain/ is falling hard, I look up. So, the gloomy sky/ covered with clouds and more clouds might never be clear again. by Sachiko Hayashida 根も長く 香をも清けき 菖蒲をは 露に包みし 池の五月雨 The summer rain, whose/ drops cover the irises that are so fragrant/ and extend their roots so long beside the pond, is falling. by Aya Ueda 故郷の野辺に山辺にしとしとと木々の青葉を芽くむ五月雨 The summer rain, which/ falls either on the mountain or on the wild field/ of my own native village makes the leaves more and more green. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka compositionin English (1) |
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