| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (4) Tanka in April （2003）平成15年(5/1-5/30) “The deutzia which is flowering like the moonlight” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Uzuki[April](5/1-5/30). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka is the cuckoo bird or the mandarin orange, as well as Unohana(the deutzia flower). In the previous, primer, course, I suggested you compose tanka on the themes "The deutzia flower", "The cuckoo bird" and "Yearning for the cuckoos to utter their cries". This time, I hope you can write on the more focused theme, “The deutzia which is flowering like the moonlight”. As I noted before, the deutzia flower, as is looks like the snow as well as the cherry blossom, is often referred to using a technique called "Mitate" - "metaphor" or "simile" to give your readers a lingering aftertaste of its world. As shown in the following tanka composed anonymously in Gosen-Shu, the deutzia flower is one of the popular themes that commonly uses this technique. Many deutzias/ are flowering on the hedge as if the white snow,/ which had fallen sometime past, still remained atop the hedge. anonymous The deutzia flower also looks like white waves rippling on the shore, as is shown by the following tanka is composed in Shin-Kokin by Fujiwara no Shigeie: When the deutzias/ are flowering on the hedge, they one look just like fine/clothing which is well-tailored and white, rippling in the wind. by Fujiwara no Shigeie Furthermore, the deutzia flower can be mistaken for both the snow and the moonlight, as the following anonymous tanka from Gosen-shu illustrates. Many deutzias/ are flowering on the hedge resembling both/ the snow remaining so late and the moonlight reflected. anonymous Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Shirakawain(), Fujiwara no Akisuke(-), Fujiwara no Shigefusa(-) and myself on the theme, "The deutzia which are flowering like the moonlight". I hope you can compose tanka by using the technique called "Mitate", for example, to use words like snow, wave or moonlight to suggest your impression of the deutzias.. 卯の花の叢々咲ける垣根をは雲間の月の影かとそ見る I mistake flowers,/ deutzias, for the moonlight, which is reflected/ between the breaks of the clouds, as I watch them on the hedge. by Shirakawain 叢々に咲ける籬の卯の花は木の間の月の心地こそすれ I regard flowers,/ deutzias as the moonlight, which filters through here/ among the breaks in the leaves, as I watch them on the hedge. by Fujiwara no Akisuke |
夕月夜ほのめく影も卯の花の咲ける垣根はさやけかりけり Even when I watch/ the deutzias flowering over the hedges/when the moon shines but dimly, they can be seen so clearly. by Fujiwara no Sanefusa 故郷の夕への庭の籬にも月影さすや卯の花の咲く The white deutzias/ which flower beautifully on the hedge as if/ the moonlight were reflected upon my evening garden. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第4節：卯月の歌「卯花似月」（うのはなつきににたり） 今回は卯月の歌を詠んで戴く。旧暦では卯月は夏の始まりである。卯月といえば、「卯花」「橘」「郭公」が主題となる。歌題としては初級講座で「卯花」「郭公」「待郭公」を詠んで戴いたが、中級講座の最初である今年は「卯花」の歌題にさらに制限を加えた「卯花似月」を詠んで戴く。 「卯花」は櫻と同様にしばしば雪に喩えられる。つまり「見立て」の修辞法がしばしば用いられて歌に詠まれる花である。後撰集の読み人知らずの歌に「時わかす降れる雪かと見るまてに垣根にたわに咲ける卯の花」という歌がある。「卯花」はまた白波にも喩えられる。新古今和歌集の藤原重家の歌に「卯の花の咲きぬる時は白妙の波もて結へる垣根とそ見る」という歌がある。さらに、雪とも月とも両方に見間違えると詠んだ歌もある。後撰集の読み人知らずの歌で「時わかす月か雪かと見るまてに垣根にたわに咲ける卯の花」という歌である。 今回は「卯花似月」を歌題に白河院、藤原顕輔、藤原重房と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 白河院の歌は、「卯花如月という趣を詠んだ」という詞書が添えられていて、「卯の花が所々に群がって咲いている垣根を、雲の切れ間からさしている月の光かと見ることだ」という意味の歌である。藤原顕輔の歌も表現こそ違うが白河院の歌と同様の心境を詠んだものである。 以上を参考にして、卯の花を「雪」や「白波」や「月の光」に見立てた歌を詠んで戴く。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①山本綾子②宿谷政枝③小橋良子④上田文 更けゆけと雲間より漏る月影か門田の畦に咲ける卯の花 Flowers, deutzias/ blooming along the roadside by the paddy field/ like the moonlight reflected among the breaks of the clouds. by Ayako Yamamoto 月影と思ひしほとにむらむらと庭の籬に咲ける卯の花 Flowers, deutzias/ blooming white along the hedge enclosing my yard/ can be seen as if moonlight were there mirrored upon it. by Masae Shukuya 桂川岸辺すかしきこの夕へ初卯の花の白き波寄る Flowers, deutzias/ along the Katsura stream bloom, looking just like/ little waves rippling upon the river in the evening. by Ryoko Kobashi 楢の木の若葉にかゝる散り卯つ木時なき雪は匂ひ仄けき The deutzia petals/ are scattered over the leaves of Japanese oak/ as if the snow had fallen and covered them with sweet scent. by Aya Ueda |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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