| [VI]Themes for tanka composition (4) (Intermediate course I) (3) Tanka in March （2003）平成15年(4/2-4/30) “The cherry blossoms which are soon to fall” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Yayoi[March](4/2-4/30). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is Sakura(cherry blossoms) which are at their best and soon begin falling to the ground. I suggested you compose tanka on the theme, "The cherry blossoms bloom like clouds" two years ago and last year on the theme, "The cherry blossoms in full bloom linger." This time, I hope you can write on the theme, “The cherry blossoms which are soon to fall”. The cherry blossoms in full bloom are of course so beautiful, but the cherry blossoms which will soon fall or lie on the ground are also fascinating, as the old poet, Arihara no Narihira, observed in his book, ISE STORY, "The cherry blossoms are all the more fascinating because they are soon to fall." Furthermore, the founder of noh , Zeami, also noted in his book, KADENSHO, "No flower lingers on without falling", which shows the viewpoint Japanese poets have traditionally taken. That is to say, Japanese poets have regarded everything as the mutable or mortal. The following famous tanka by Kino Tomonori, which the tanka collection, “Hyakunin-Isshu” or ‘100 tanka poems by 100 poets” contains, is a typical one, in which the author expresses how beautiful flowers are when they fall: Why in a hurry/ have cherry blossoms fallen on the day in spring/ when the sun shines so brightly with the calm breeze fluttering? by Kino Tomonori(33) Now, let me show you more tanka, which are composed by Kino Tsurayuki(872?-945), monk Noin(?-986-?), Fujiwara no Morosuke(1067-1139) and myself on this theme. In the tanka by Kino Tsurayuki, the author expresses his despair that nothing can be done about the dispensation of nature as well as his sorrow at parting with the cherry blossoms. In another tanka by monk Noin, the author expresses his sorrow all the more deeply through his reference to of the sounds of the bells and the phrase, "on a spring evening". In the the third tanka by Fujiwara no Moroyori, the color contrast of the green of moss and the pink of the cherry blossoms flowering in the mountain leads the readers to fascination. Furthermore, the author observes that the silence of the petals lying upon the mosses is more beautiful than the motion of the petals that fall upon them. 我宿のものなりなから櫻花散るをはえこそ止めさりけれ The cherry blossoms,/ which have been abloom so long in my own garden,/ would never delay falling even if they were my own. by Kino Tsurayuki 山里の春の夕暮来てみれは入相の鐘に花そ散りける Once I visited/ a village in the mountains on a spring evening,/ I found the cherry petals falling while bells were ringing. by monk Noin 木の下の苔の緑も見えぬまて八重散りしける山櫻かな The cherry blossoms/ abloom in the deep mountains also have fallen/ over all the green mosses, which sperad out under the trees. by Fujiwara no Moroyori |
故郷の野辺訪ぬれは春風に桜の花は早や散り初めぬ When I now visit/ the meadows in my village, the white petals of/ the cherry blossoms begin to fall dwon in the hard wind. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第3節：弥生の歌「落花」（おちるはな） 今回は弥生の歌を詠んで戴く。弥生といえば、如月に咲き始めた櫻が満開を迎え、やがて散って行く季節である。初級講座でを詠んで戴いたが、中級講座の最初で「花留人」「花雲」「花久盛」を詠んで戴いたが、中級講座の最初である今年は櫻が散って行く様子を詠む「落花」を詠んで戴く。 櫻は長く咲き盛っている姿も美しいものであるが、在原業平が伊勢物語の中で「散ればこそいとど櫻はめでたけれ」と述べているように、やがて、散って行く風情もまた格別であると捉えられてきた。また、世阿弥も「花伝書」の中で、「いづれの花か散らで残るべき」と述べているように、この世には一つとして形を止めるものは無いという「諸行無常」の自然観も古代から日本の歌人の間に定着してきた。 櫻の花の散る美しさを詠んだものに、古今和歌集の中にある「久方の光のとけき春の日に静心なく花の散るらむ」という033紀友則の歌が有名である。(033百人一首の歌) 「落花」を歌題に新古今和歌集の中から、紀貫之、能因法師、藤原師頼と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 紀貫之の歌は、散る花を惜しむと共に、自分の家に咲く桜でも自分の自由にはならないという自然の摂理、つまり、「諸行無常」の自然観をじっとかみ締めた思いが詠み込まれている。 能因法師の歌は、散る櫻の花に添えて、「山里の春の夕暮」と「入相の鐘」という言葉が、作者が花と別れる愛惜の気持ちを一層引き立てている。 藤原師頼の歌は「苔の緑」の上に散り積もった「山桜の淡紅」の色対比が読者に強い印象を与えているばかりか、桜の花弁が散っている「動きの美しさ」よりも、散り積もった後の「静の美しさ」を表した歌になっている。私の歌は「故郷の野辺の櫻を見ようと思って、訪ねてみたが春風に吹かれて、もう散り始めていた」という意味の歌で、櫻の咲く期間は短く春が駆け足で過ぎ去っていく様子を詠んでみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①堀井真知子②橋本ヒサ子③畠貞子④荻野藤 ①御園生の咲き満つ桜散るを惜しむ心も知ら春風の吹く Though I wish them to/ linger still in full bloom, the spring wind has entered/ my garden and blown away all of the cherry petals. by Machiko Horii ②春麗園に咲き満つ桜花夕への風に早や袖に散る The cherry blossoms,/ which were in bloom in the sun in this garden, now/ their white petals are scattered by the hard wind this evening. by Hisako Hashimoto ③誘ひしや誘はれにしや園の花風通ふまゝ散り紛ひける All cherry petals,/ one of which tempts another or is tempted down,/ are scattered on the garden by the wind freshly blowing . by Teiko Hata ④清水へ祇園をよきる桜道花舞ひ落つる春の夕暮 NowI walk along/ the pavement from Gion to Kiyomizu, where/ this evening I watch the blossoms being scattered. by Fuji Ogino |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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