| [VI]Themes for tanka composition(4) (Intermediate course I) (1) Tanka in January （20003）平成15年(2/1-3/2) “The haze of early spring” In all of this year's articles, I would like to discuss the themes on which one should compose tanka in order to express his/her heart in the same way the ancient poets expressed the impressions they had of the beauties of every season in their tanka as I noted last year. In Mutsuki[January](2/1-3/2), the most suitable themes on which to compose tanka are Ume(plum blossom), Uguisu(bush warbler) and Kasumi(haze). I suggested that you compose tanka on the theme, "Ume blossoms tell me spring has arrived" two years ago, last year, "Warblers tell me spring has arrived", but this year, I hope you can compose on the theme, “The haze of early spring”. Here, to aid your tanka composition, I will show you the following tanka, one which is anonymous from the tanka collection, Shinkokin-Wakashu, and others by monk Shun-e(?-?), Emperor Daijyo(1179-1239) and myself on the theme, "The haze of early spring". From the mist of time, the haze has also made its impression on poets during this month as well as ume blossoms and bush warblers. The haze is a phenomenon that comes over the mountains and fields from the beginning of spring to the middle when the cherry blossoms are abloom and the skylarks chatter, so this time, I hope you can treat this theme, "The haze coming out in early spring". Warblers are able to respond to the current of seasons sooner than plum blossoms as I mentioned last year, but the haze also seems to be able to respond to it as well as warblers and come out as soon as spring has arrived: the haze hangs over while the snowfall still remains. So, such poets in Shinkokin-shu as the anonymous one below composed the following tanka in this collection as well. Spring seems to have come/ because the haze hangs over, though the snow still falls/ all day long, at the same time being driven by the wind. anonymous Emperor Daijyo composed tanka using a technique for tanka composition called "Honkadori" to compose tanka by quoting some parts of refined tanka composed by earlier poets . He quoted two phrases of the following tanka (Japanese version) by Kakinomotono Hitomaro(?-708) in order to express his sensation of spring. Spring seems to have come/ because, this early evening, the haze hangs over/ the beautuful Mount, Kagu and everyone knows it's spring. by Kakinomotono Hitomaro 時は今は春になりぬとみ雪降る遠き山へに霞たなひく The haze hangs over/ the distant mountains though all around them/ the snow is still coming down, now that spring has just arrived. anonymous 春といへは霞にけりな昨日まて波間に見えし淡路島山 Since spring has arrived,/ the haze has just come over Awaji island/ where I was able to see the whole mountain yesterday. by monk Shune ほのほのと春こそ空に来にけらし天の香具山霞たなひく Spring seems to have come;/above in the sky, faintly, the haze hangs over/ the beautiful Mount, Kagu and everyone knows it's spring. by Emperor Daijyo |
み吉野はまた雪深く残れとも都は春と霞たなひく The haze hangs over/ the whole of downtown Kyoto although the snow still/ lies deep on Mt. Yoshino now that spring has just arrived. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第六章 （～歌の主題 4～）[中級講座I] 第1節：睦月の歌「初春霞」（はつはるのかすみ） 第5章に続いて本章でも、短歌として何を詠むべきかに言及したいと思う。古来から日本の歌人達は自然の四季の変化に感動し、その美しさを歌に詠んできた。つまり、歌の主題は「四季を詠む」ものであった。この一年間も、日本の歌人達が四季折々に取り扱ってきた主な主題を取り上げて、その例歌を参考に読者の方々にも歌を詠んで戴きたいと思う。睦月といえば、「梅」を筆頭にして、「鶯」と「初霞（ういがすみ）」が主題となる。歌題としては、初級講座で「早春」「梅花告春」「鶯告春」を詠んで戴いたが、中級講座の最初である今年は「初春霞」を詠んで戴く。 「初春霞」を歌題に、新古今和歌集の読み人しらずの歌、俊恵法師、太上天皇（後鳥羽院）と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 「梅と鶯」は春の到来を告げる象徴的な歌題であるが、「霞」も古来から歌人達が好んで取り上げてきた歌題である。霞は初春から始まって、櫻が咲き、雲雀が囀る春半ばまで野山にかかる現象であるが、今回は「初春霞」を詠んで戴く。昨年は春の到来を告げるものとして梅よりも鶯があることを述べたが、霞は鶯よりも一層、季節の変化に対応するようである。新古今和歌集の読み人知らずの歌に「風混じりに雪は降り続いているとはいうものの、さすがに霞が棚引いて、春が来たことだ」という意味の「風ませに雪は降りつつしかすかに霞たなひき春は来にけり」という歌がある。また、例歌として挙げた読み人知らずの歌も同様である。まだ冬の名残の消えない雪の中にも、霞は棚引いているというのである。 俊恵法師の歌は、冬の象徴である澄み切った空気の下で、はっきり見えた淡路島山は春の霞で、一日にして見えなくなっていく様子を詠んでいる。季節の変化の機微を詠みこんでいる。 太上天皇の歌は、本歌である「ひさかたの天の香具山この夕へ霞たなひく春たつらしも」という柿本人麻呂の歌と同様、霞が棚引いて、春の気分が漂っている様子を壮大に詠んでいる歌である。 以上を参考にして、冬から春に移り変わる季節の変化の初々しい霞の棚引く様子を歌に詠んで戴きたい。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①奈良毅②長谷川勉③山本綾子④宿谷政枝 ①東なる都を流る隅田川霞にけふる春は来にけり Also in Tokyo,/ which is the east capital, spring has just arrived:/ the dear Sumida river has covered with the deep haze. by Tsuyoshi Nara ②春の野辺雪は残れと霞立ち鳴き音もとかし鶯の声 The haze hangs over/ the whole spring fields in Tokyo, in which snow still lies,/ and the warbers with no sights have also begun singing. by Tsutomu Hasegawa ③雪深く埋もれし里も見渡せば今朝は山辺に霞棚引く As far as I watch/ anything can not be seen in my home village/ this morning through the spring haze, although the snow still remains. by Ayako Yamamoto ④昨日まて野にも山にも雪降れと今朝は山辺に春霞立つ The spring haze has hung/ round the sides of the mountain early this morning,/ though the snow has been falling anywhere fields or mountains. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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