| [V]Themes for tanka composition(3)(Junior course Ⅲ) (12) Tanka in December （20002）平成14年(1/2-1/31) “The snow covering the ground where the bamboos stand” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Shiwasu (December)(1/2-1/31). In Shiwasu, the ponds and streams begin freezing while the air gets so dry that the moon can be seen clearly, shining high in the sky. Furthermore, all the ground becomes covered with snow. Thus, "The snow" is one of the most suitable themes of this month. The tanka collection, Hyakunin Isshu also contains tanka about the snow in Yoshino village, which is famous for snow, as shown by the following by Sakanoue no Korenori(?-908-?): When I look around/ all of Yoshino village/ just around daybreak,/the snow falls upon the field/ as if the moonlight glittered. by Sakanoue no Korenori(31) The tanka composed on the theme, "The snow" often use a technique called "Mitate" - "metaphor" or "simile" - to give the readers a ligering aftertaste of its world. So, the cherry blossoms, the plum blossoms, the flowers of deutzia and so on are often used as a metaphor of "the snow". Here, I will show you the following tanka by the monk Jien(1155-1225) as one example: Like cherry blossoms/ the first snowfall welcomes me early this morning/ upon the red leaves clinging to the top twigs of a tree. by the monk Jien Two years ago, I asked you to compose tanka on the theme, "Water begins freezing into ice" and last year "Ice on a stream". This time, I hope you can compose tanka on the theme, “The snow covering the ground where the bamboos stand”. So, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Norikane(1106-1165), Fujiwara no Ariie(1154-1216), Fujiwara no Akikane(1102-1147) and myself on the same theme "The snow covering the ground where the bamboos stand". I hope you can compose tanka on this theme with the technique, "metaphor", like the tanka of the monk Jien or with natural sounds in order to depict how deep the snow falls like the tanka of Fujiwara no Norikane or Fujiwara no Akikane. Otherwise I hope you can express how deep the snow falls as you watch it. 明けやらぬ寝覚めの床に聞ゆなり籬の竹の雪の下折れ Early this morning/ I wake up upon my bed to hear the clear sounds,/ which come out when hedge bamboos have broken through the hard snow. by Fujiwara no Norikane 夢通ふ道さへ絶えぬ呉竹の伏見の里の雪の下折れ The heavy snow, which/ falls in Fushimi village hard, hard enough for/ the bamboos to bend deeply, keeps me from seeing my love. by Fujiwara no Ariie 呉竹の折れ伏す音のなかりせは夜深き雪をいかて知らまし Nobody would know/ how hard the snow falls tonight if the bamboo sounds,/ which come out when they break off, could not be heard by their ears. By Fujiwarano Akikane |
夜もすから音せて積もる初雪に深く頭を垂るゝ笹竹 Because of the snow/ falling continuously last night without sound,/ the bamboos have now bent low like persons who bow deeply. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第五章（～歌の主題 3～）[初級講座Ⅲ] 第12節：師走の歌「竹雪深」（たけのゆきふかし） 今回は師走の歌を詠んで戴く。師走といえば、まず澤に氷が張り始め、空気も乾燥し、夜空には冴えわたる月が見られる。雪も積もって大地を埋め尽くす。そこで「雪」は欠かせない歌題の一つになる。百人一首の中にも、雪の名所として知られる吉野の里での雪の眺望を詠んだ031坂上是則の「朝ほらけ有明けの月と見るまてに吉野の里にふれる白雪」という歌がある。 雪はしばしば卯の花、梅、櫻等の花に例えて詠まれる。つまり、「見立て」の修辞法が用いられる。慈円の「紅葉葉のまた落ち果てぬ梢にも今朝初雪の花を見るかな」という歌も雪を花と見立てて詠んだ歌である。 さて一昨年は「氷結始」、昨年は「河氷」を詠んで戴いたが、今年は「竹雪深」を歌題に、深く降り積もった雪を詠んで戴く。「竹雪深」を歌題に藤原範兼、藤原有家、藤原明兼と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 例歌の藤原範兼の歌は「深く降り積もった雪の重みで籬の竹が折れ曲がる音を、まだ明けきらない、目を覚ましたばかりの床の上で聞いている」という様子を詠んだ歌である。 次の藤原有家の歌も「深く降り積もった雪の重みで伏見の里の呉竹が折れ曲がる音で、夢の中で思う人の所へ通う道さえ途絶えてしまった」という意味の歌で、やはり深く降り積もった雪の様子を詠んだ歌である。 次の藤原明兼の歌も「呉竹が折れ曲がる音が聞こえなかったら、暗い夜更けに雪が深く積もっていることが解からない」という意味の歌で、これもやはり深く降り積もった雪の様子を詠んだ歌である。以上三首は竹が折れ曲がる音を聞いて深く降り積もった雪を連想したわけであるが、私の歌は音もしないで一晩中降り続いた雪によって、朝起きてみると孟宗竹が人がお辞儀をしているかのように折れ曲がっていたという、深く積もった朝の雪景色を詠んだものである。 以上を参考にして「竹雪深」を歌題に歌を詠んで戴く。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①山本綾子②宿谷政枝③小林洋子④ベリンダ 朝またき群竹の雪浅からし寝覚めの床も光眩し Snow must have piled up/ very deep in my backyard, where the bamboos stand;/ it gets brighter and brighter in the bedroom where I wake. by Ayako Yamamoto 雪の降る夜更けの床に聞こゆなり夢路を鎖す竹折れの音 The sound of bamboos/ as they snap is so loud that I wake at midnight,/ losing my dream suddenly where I would have rather stayed. by Masae Shukuya 夜もすから降る初雪に耐えかねて伏す呉竹に母重ね見む When I watch bamboos/ snapping because of the snow, which has been falling/ all the night, it reminds me of my mother bending down. by Yoko Kobayashi 音もまき初雪の夜は夢誘ふ積もり積もれは竹も埋もりぬ The deep, soft snowfall,/ which brings the silent night, leads me to dream of/ going on scattering those bamboos soon to be buried. by Belinda Albert |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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