| [V]Themes for tanka composition(3)(Junior course Ⅲ) (10) Tanka October （20002）平成14年(11/5-12/3) “The fallen leaves” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Kannazuki[October](11/5-12/3), The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is "Shigure" or 'A shower which falls in late autumn or early winter'. Everytime a shower falls, autumn leaves become more crimson. So, "Autumn leaves are a deeper crimson" is one of themes of this month. And most leaves are to wither and fall on the ground in time. Two year ago I asked you to compose on the theme, "Shigure" or "A shower which falls in late autumn or early winter"and last year, "Autumn leaves are a deeper crimson", dyed by a shower falling in early winter. This time, I hope you can compose on the theme, “The fallen leaves”. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Minamoto no Toshiyori(1054?-1129), Fujiwara no Ietaka(1158-1237), Minamoto no Yorimasa(1105-1180) and myself on the theme, "The fallen leaves". The leaves of the deciduous trees begin falling from late autumn, as the following tanka by Fujiwara no Kanemura(1162-1242) shows. As a memento/ of autumn, the colored leaves are also to fade/ and fall so soon tomorrow together with a shower. by Fujiwara no Kanemune But the theme, "The fallen leaves" is indeed a symbol which tells us that autumn has arrived, as the following tanka by monk Noin(?-986-?) shows. As soon as I wake,/ the voice of the storm, which blows over the red leaves/ near the mountain this morning in October, can be heard. by Monk Noin As the example tanka also show, most poets in Japan have loved the colored leaves that are fallen in the wind and are fragrant in the sun since the mist of time. They have loved not only beauty of the flowers and leaves coming out but also that of the leaves of the trees turning crimson and falling in the wind in time. So, they have used precise words to describe standards of beauty in their poetry as well. 名残なく時雨の空は晴れぬれと又降るものは木の葉なりけり It cleared completely/ as soon as a shower ceased, but the colored leaves/ are still falling in place of the shower upon the ground. by Minamoto no Toshiyori 吹き残す松さへ枝も安からす 嵐の山に散る紅葉かな It's the red leaves that/ are falling in such winds as blow so harshly that/ even pine twigs with needles are not safe in the mountain. by Fujiwara no Ietaka 都には また青葉にて 見しかとも 紅葉散り敷く 白河の関 All the colored leaves,/ which were still green in Kyoto before I set out,/ overspread the ground here at Shirakawa barrier. by Minamoto no Yorimasa |
紅に 染まる楓は 落葉して 清き池面に 錦織りなす The maple leaves, which/ are dyed crimson, have fallen on the clear surface/ of the pond and can be seen like a brocade upon it. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第五章（～歌の主題 3～）[初級講座Ⅲ] 第10節：神無月の歌「落葉」（おちば） 今回は神無月の歌を詠んで戴く。神無月といえば、まず時雨が主題となる。時雨は紅葉を深く染める。その紅葉もやがて枯れて落葉となり地面に落ちてゆく。 一昨年は初冬の象徴である「時雨」、昨年はその時雨に紅葉が深まって行く様子を「紅葉深」を歌題に歌を詠んで戴いたが、今年は「落葉」を歌題に歌を詠んで戴く。「落葉」を歌題に、源俊頼、藤原家隆、源頼政と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 落葉樹は晩秋からすでに葉を落としていく。藤原兼宗は「去っていく秋の形見であるはずの紅葉も、明日は色もあせ、時雨と一つとなって降り乱れるであろうか」という意味の「ゆく秋の形見なるへき紅葉葉も明日は時雨と降りやまかはん」という歌を詠んでいる。しかし、「落葉」は冬の到来を象徴するものといって過言ではない。そこで、能因法師は神無月の月の名を入れて「神無月寝覚めて聞けは山里の嵐の声は木の葉なりけり」という歌を詠んでいる。 例歌としてあげた源俊頼の歌は初冬の象徴である「時雨」と兼ね合わせて、木の葉が落ちて行く様子を詠んだものである。また、藤原家隆の歌は、散ることのないはずの末の枝さえ安心していられないほど吹く強い嵐に散る紅葉を詠んだものである。源頼政の歌は、「都を出てきた時には、青葉であった木々の葉もこの白河の関に着いた時には地面一面に紅葉が散り敷かれていた」という季節の移り変わりの早いことを詠嘆した気持ちを詠んだものである。このように、紅葉した葉が風に散り、冬の日差しを浴びて匂う風情は古来から日本人が好んだ風情である。花が咲き、若葉が萌える様も美しいが、木々の葉が色づき、やがて風に散っていく様も同じように趣きがあるとする審美感が詩歌文芸の中にも伝統的に受け継がれている。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②アイリーン③宿谷政枝④小林洋子 暁の 時雨に散りし 紅葉葉に 庭面錦の 衣纏へり The crimson leaves, which/ fall upon my own garden early this morning/ in the shower, can be seen like a brocade that it wears. by Wakako Kobayashi 黄昏の 風誘なふや 古寺の 紅葉葉は早や 庭に散り舞ふ The deep crimson leaves/ have already flown about around the old temple:/ does the cold wind, I wonder, stir them about this evening? by Aileen Akiko Kerman 時雨降る 音にも紛ふ 夜半の床 今朝我庭に 落葉散り敷く The fallen red leaves/ have been scattered this morning: from my bed last night/ I heard the shower's soft sound, so, they all must have fallen. by Masae Shukuya 鎌倉の山の辺の路夕暮れて吹き初む風に落葉散り舞ふ When the red sun sets,/ the crimson leaves also fall along the pavement/ of Kamakura hillock as if they danced in the wind. by Yoko Kobayashi |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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