| [V]Themes for tanka composition(3)(Junior course Ⅲ) (9) Tanka in September （20002）平成14年(10/6-11/4) “A shower in late autumn dyes the leaves” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Nagatsuki[September](10/6-11/4), This month is the last month of autumn, so the showers of late autumn dye the leaves. Now, the chrysanthemum is at its best. The frost falls and the wild geese visit from northern countries. Two years ago I asked you to compose on the theme, "The wild geese", and last year on the more limited theme, "The first wild geese seen from the breaks in the clouds". This time I hope you can compose on one of the most typical themes of this month, "A shower in late autumn dyes the leaves". Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Fujiwara no Nakazane(1056-1118), Kino Tsurayuki(872?-945), the monk Saigyo(1118-1190), and myself on the theme, “A shower in late autumn dyes the leaves”. The showers, which fall mainly in early winter, begin to fall and dye the leaves in late autumn, as Fujiwara no Nakazane shows in his example tanka. The following tanka by Minamoto no Shitagou(911-987) also clearly certifies that showers fall in late autumn: Mt. Nagara still/ bears same name by which I have heard it called before,/ but it turns a deeper red in autumn with many showers. by Minamoto no Shitagou Furthermore, poets in Japan seems to have felt awe and respect for the mystery of nature as the following tanka by Fujiwara no Yoen(1047-1125) shows: even tiny phenomenon like a shower, whose power is much inferior to the flowing water in a mountain stream, turns the leaves completely crimson. Although a shower/ is not more powerful than water in mountains,/ it dyes the leaves a much more vivid color than the stream. by Fujiwara no Yoen Monk Saigo stresses the essence of the theme, that the shower itself dyes the leaves, in his tanka by using grammatical inversion. Choosing this theme, you are required to limit your whole content to a shower in late autumn dyeing the leaves crimson, which is much more challenging than others, in your tanka. So, you must think out your wording by using such places and names as a native town, the village and Mt. Nagara, which appear in the example tanka, in order to give uniqueness to your composition. 長月の時雨の雨や染めつらん正木の上葉紅葉しにけり A shower, which has/ fallen in September must have dyed all the leaves/ spread out on the tree's surface: they have also turned crimson. by Fujiwara no Nakazane 白露も時雨もいたくもる山は下葉残らす色つきにけり Not only dew drops/ but also heavy showers have dyed all the leaves/ of the trees in the mountains deep yellow or clear crimson. by Kino Tsurayuki 染めてけり紅葉の色の紅をしくると見えしみ山辺の里 Crimson, the color/ of all the leaves on the trees around the village/ along the mountain, must be the work of today's showers. by Monk Sigyo |
秋のうちに降る初時雨故郷の山の紅葉を千入染めゆく The first showers, which/ started falling in autumn in my native town,/ have thoroughly dyed the leaves crimson, again and again. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第五章（～歌の主題 3～）[初級講座Ⅲ] 第9節：長月の歌「時雨染紅葉」（しぐれもみじをそめる） 今回は長月の歌を詠んで戴く。長月は晩秋となり、時雨が紅葉を染め、菊の華が咲き、田に稲が稔り、霜が降り、越冬の為に雁が北国からやって来る。歌題として一昨年は「雁」、昨年は「雲間初雁」詠んで戴いたが、今年は最も典型的な歌題である「時雨染紅葉」を詠んで戴く。 「時雨染紅葉」を歌題に、藤原仲実、紀貫之、西行法師と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 時雨は本来は初冬に多く降る雨であるが、晩秋には降り始め、紅葉を染めてゆく。例歌の藤原仲実の歌も「正木のうは葉が紅葉したのは、長月の時雨の雨が染めたのだろう」とあるように、時雨が晩秋・長月にも降ることを伺わせている。 また、源順の「名をきけは昔なからの山なれとしくるゝ秋は色勝りけり」という歌にも、「しくるゝ秋」とあるように、秋に時雨が降ることをはっきり詠んでいる。 また、時雨は「山川に流れる水のような力は持ってはいないが、木の葉を紅葉に変え、それを深めていく」力を持っていると詠んだ「山川の水はまさらて時雨には紅葉の色そ深くなりける」という永縁の歌にあるように、目には見えない不思議な力を持っているものとして受け止めて来た。 西行法師の歌は「時雨が降っていると思われるこの山里では、その時雨が紅葉の色の紅をまさに染めている」というように、歌題の趣旨である「時雨が紅葉を染めること」を倒置法によって強調している。 本題では「時雨が紅葉を染める」という内容を歌に詠み込むめるものである。しかし、これは極めて制約の厳しい歌題である。この場合、「故郷」「山辺の里」「なからの山」等、場所に変化をもたせるなど、言葉使いに工夫をこらして歌を詠むことが求められている。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②高山薫③岡本由紀子④宿谷政枝 秋たけて峰は時雨と紅葉葉の色は千入に染まりゆくらむ In late, late autumn/ all the leaves on every tree on the mountaintops/ will turn a deeper crimson with every falling shower. by Wakako Kobayashi 立山の頂覆ふ時雨雲やかて紅葉を千入染めゆく As the shower clouds/ cover all of Mount Tate, its rainfall will dye/ the leaves of trees and deepen their color into crimson. by Kaoru Takayama 奥多摩の湖をも隔つ秋時雨岸の紅葉を深く染めゆく The autumn shower,/ whose *tatters cover the lake of Okutama,/ changes the colored leaves to deep crimson along the shore. by Yukiko Okamoto (Note: "tatters" - strips of torn clothing, like the low edge of a raincloud) 秋時雨降るたひ山は紅の錦織り成す衣纏へり The colored leaves of/ the mountain deepen into crimson everytime/ the cold autumn showers fall as if the mount changed costumes. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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