| [V]Themes for tanka composition(3)(Junior course Ⅲ) (4) Tanka in April （20002）平成14年(5/12-6/10) “Yearning for the cuckoos to utter their cries” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Uzuki[April](5/12-6/10). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka is namely Unohana(the deutzia flower). Birds are also used to give the flavor of the season; the cuckoo bird is popular as one of the themes in summer as well as the bush warbler in spring or the wild geese in autumn. I suggested you compose tanka on the theme, "The deutzia flower" two years ago, and "The cuckoo bird" last year. This time, I hope you can do so on the more limited theme, “Yearning for the cuckoos to utter their cries”. As I discussed before, the cuckoo bird migrates from the sorth in early summer when the deutzia flower or iris comes out and leaves in early autumn. Furthermore, most people have yearned to hear the voices of the cuckoo birds which sing in the mountain first and then in the village. So, I hope you can write on the more limited theme above. As shown in the following tanka composed by Tsurayiki Kino(?-945), the cuckoo bird is popular as one of the themes in summer. As soon as I take/ a nap for a little while on a summer night,/ day breaks when the cuckoo birds can be heard for the first time. by Tsurayuki Kino But an ancient poet composes tanka, in which he expresses his deep feelings that he yearns to hear these voices, by using the word, "wisteria flower" which comes out late spring; this deepens the author's feeling in concert with this theme: The wisteria/ near the pond in my garden are now flowering:/ when will the cuckoo birds come and utter cries, I wonder. anonymous Now, let me show you more tanka, which are composed by Tsunenobu Fujiwara(1015-1097), Murasaki-Shikibu(?-1014?) Norimitsu Fujiwara(1153-1213) and myself on the theme, "Yearning for the cuckoos to utter their cries". Norimitsu Fujiwara is said to have written this tanka referring the following tanka by Oe Kinyori printed in the tanka collection, "Go-Shui". Oh my dear cuckoo!/ I am willing to leave here for the east taking/ your cry as a memento which I heard in Oiso wood. by Oe Kinyori 二声と 鳴きつと聞かは 時鳥 衣片敷き 転寝はせん To hear the cuckoos/ having uttered their first cries even two or three, I have forgone already sleep upon the clothes I spread. by Tsunenobu Fujiwara たか里も訪ひもや来ると 時鳥心のかきり待ちそわひにし Oh, dear cuckoos, which/ are said to come everywhere, have I been looking/ forward to their first visit as if I wait for my love. by Murasaki-Shikibu |
郭公 なほ一声は 思ひ出てよ 老曾の森の 夜半の昔を Oh my dear cuckoo!/ I hope you utter a cry echoing your past,/ reminiscent of the wood, Oiso famous for its shrine. by Norimitsu Fujiwara 橘の香る山辺に郭公待てと訪ひ来ぬ初音もとかし Waiting to listen/ to cuckoos utter a cry is so very hard:/ -- mandarin orange flowers -- although they are just abloom. by Mutsuo Shukuya (「来ぬ」のルビ-「こ」ぬ) 第五章（～歌の主題 3～）[初級講座Ⅲ] 第4節：卯月の歌「待郭公」（ほととぎすをまつ） 今回は卯月の歌を詠んで戴く。卯月といえば、まずその名の如く「卯花」が主題となる。旧暦では卯月は夏の始まりである。鳥の中では, 春は鶯、秋は雁に代表されるように、夏はなんと言っても「郭公」である。歌題として一昨年は「卯花」、昨年は「郭公」を詠んで戴いたが、今年は「待郭公」を詠んで戴く。前述のごとく、郭公は卯の花や菖蒲が咲く頃にやってきて秋には南方に帰っていく。更に、最初は山で鳴き、それから里に来て鳴くというので、昔から人はその鳴き声を待ち侘びたものである。今回はこの郭公の声を待ち侘びる気持ちを詠んで戴く。 「郭公」は夏の鳥ということで、前回、紀貫之の「夏の夜の伏すかとすれば郭公鳴く一声に明くる東雲」という歌を御紹介したが、晩春の花を見て、郭公の声を待ち侘びる気持ちを詠んだ歌がある。「我か宿の池の藤波咲きにけり山郭公いつか来鳴かむ」という古今和歌集・夏歌の冒頭に出てくる読み人知らずの歌である。この歌では「池の藤波」という言葉が季節感をはっきりとさせ、なお且歌題「待郭公」に最も叶ったものになっている。 「待郭公」の歌題に藤原経信、紫式部、藤原範光と私の歌を例歌としてみた。経信の歌は、「郭公の声をせめて二声でも聞いていたら、気持ちが休まって転寝も出来たのに」という郭公の声を待ち侘びる強い気持ちが伺える。範光の歌は、「昔、この老曾の森で、『東路の思ひ出にせむ郭公老曾の森の夜半の一声』（後拾遺・夏の歌の大江公資作）の歌を詠ませた、その一声を思い出して鳴いてくれよ」という本歌の内容にまで深く踏み込んで、郭公の声を待ち侘びる強い気持ち詠んだ歌である。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②高山薫③宿谷政枝④岡本由紀子 ①奥山に東雲告くる郭公待ちそ侘ひにしなほ一声を In the deep mountains/ I am looking forward to hearing the call of/ the cuckoo when it sings out to foretell when dawn will break. by Wakako Kobayashi ②朝ほらけ今年も里の山裾に初音もとかし山郭公 I have also been/ yearning for the cuckoos' cries this early morning/ as the first are to be heard at the foot of the mountain. by Kaoru Takayama ③卯の花の初花香る山里に我待ち侘ひぬ山郭公 I have been looking/ forward to listening to the cuckoos' first cries/ in my own mountain village where the deutzias come out. by Masae Shukuya ④山裾に人恋ひて鳴く郭公その初音をは我も待ち侘ふ I have also looked/ forward to listening to those first cries, lovelorn/ longing song of the cuckoos at the foot of the mountain. by Yukiko Okamoto |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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