| [V]Themes for tanka composition(3)(Junior course Ⅲ) (3) Tanka in March（20002）平成14年(4/13-5/11) “The cherry blossoms in full bloom linger” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Yayoi[March](4/13-5/11). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is also Sakura(cherry blossom) which is at its best. As sakura in full bloom in early Yayoi often make people stop to watch, I suggested you compose tanka on the theme, "The cherry blossoms make people stop to watch" two years ago and last year on the theme, "The cherry blossoms bloom like clouds"as sakura in full bloom are also to be seen like clouds. This time, I hope you can write on the theme, “The cherry blossoms in full bloom linger.” In this theme, you have only to compose tanka on sakura in full bloom as they are. This theme symbolizes the hopes that most Japanese would like to accomplish without fail: it has been believed by Japanese people that every year when the cherry blossoms linger so much, its fields yield a rich harvest of rice. When you compose tanka on this theme, you often learn to use a technique called "Mitate" or "metaphor or simile" to give your readers a lingering aftertaste of its world as well. Here, I will show you the following two tanka composed by Ietaka Fujiwara(1157-1237) and Yoshitsune Fujiwara(1169-1206) using this technique. When I look above/ to Mt. Yoshino today, the cherry blossoms/ are abloom among the clouds and are confused with the mists. by Ietaka Fujiwara Clouds seem to rest on/ the Kazuragi mountains: the cherry blossoms/ must also be at their best on Mt. Takama as well. by Yoshitsune Fujiwara As I mentioned before, the phrases in above tanka, "Clouds" or "the clouds" and "the mist" are used as metaphor of "the cherry blossoms". Here, I will show you the following more tanka, which are composed by Monk Saigyo(1118-1190), my mentor, Fumiko Reizei, a fellow pupil, Michiko Reizei and myself on this theme. Among these tanka, the two by Saigyo and Michiko are composed using this technique. I hope these tanka can also encourage you to try to compose tanka using this technique. 押しなへて花の盛りになりにけり山端ことにかゝる白雲 The cherry blossoms/are flowering at their best: all the peaks and/ slopes are completely covered as if clouds rested there. by Monk Saigyo 散りもせす咲きも残らす久しくも今を春へと櫻にほへる The cherry blossoms/are still flowering without their petals falling/ and continue blooming as if springtime never ends. by Fumiko Reizei 花衣 外山を深く 染めゆきて 幾春あかぬ 色香久しき The cherry blossoms/ abloom in the deep mountains linger like clothes/ being dyed whenever spring arrives again and again. by Michiko Reizei |
古の 調へを耳に 浮かへつゝ 城跡の花 愛てる春の日 The cherry blossoms/lingering round the castle, that I watch all day/ in the springtime recall the sounds uttered in the olden days. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第五章（～歌の主題 3～）[初級講座Ⅲ] 第3節：弥生の歌「花久盛」（はなひさしくさかる） 今回は弥生の歌を詠んで戴く。弥生といえば、まず咲き盛る櫻が主題となる。その美しさに人が足を止めてしまうところから一昨年は「花留人」、咲き盛る櫻が雲のように見えるところから昨年は「花雲」をそれぞれ詠んで戴いたが、今年は「花久盛」を詠んで戴く。 これはまさに櫻が長く咲き盛っている様子をそのまま歌に詠んでいただくものである。古代日本人の思いが篭められ歌題である。櫻が長く咲いていた年は稲が豊作になると思われていたからである。前回と同様に、この歌題には「比喩」や「隠喩」と呼ばれる、読者に連想を引き起こす修辞法「見立て」が用いられる。 藤原家隆が、「今日吉野山を見ると、櫻が咲き盛り雲さえ櫻に埋もれて、霞みもかかっているかのようである」という意味の「今日見れは雲も櫻に埋もれて霞かねたる御吉野の山」という歌を詠んでいる。この歌の中では「雲」や「霞」という「櫻」に似た別のもので「櫻」を例える「見立て」の修辞法を用いたものである。 藤原良経も「葛城連峰にも白雲がかかっているように見える。たぶん、その一つである高間山にも櫻が咲き盛っているのかもしれない」という意味の「葛城の峰に白雲かかるなり高間の山の花盛りかも」という歌を詠んでいる。この歌の中でも「白雲」を「櫻」に「見立て」たものである。 「花久盛」を歌題に西行法師、歌の師範・冷泉布美子先生、歌の同門の冷泉美智子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。意味や状況から題意にかなう歌を詠むことが出来るとは言え、冷泉布美子先生や歌の同門の冷泉美智子氏のように「久しい」という言葉を用いると題意に忠実で鮮明な歌となる。工夫を凝らして、歌題「花久盛」の歌を詠んでいただきたいと思う。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②高山薫③宿谷政枝④岡本由紀子 ①春の夜の 夢路誘ふや 桜花 眺むる峰を 雲と染め行く The cherry blossoms,/ which show me the dreamy way as I go forward,/ have covered the mountain peaks, when I look up, like pale clouds. by Wakako Kobayashi ②鈴の音の響く秩父の山の峰櫻は雲と匂ひ久しき The mountain peak of/ Chichibu, where the bells ring, is so covered with/ cherry blossoms they look like clouds of lingering flowers. by Kaoru Takayama ③名にし負ふ吉野の山を巡りなは花久しくも咲き渡るなり When I wander through/ all of Yoshino mountain, which is famous for/ its cherry blossoms, they are just flowering at their best. by Masae Shukuya ④風ふけと 山は霞みと 花衣 纏ふか如く 盛り永らふ The cherry blossoms/ abloom in the deep mountain still linger although/ the winds blow hard and harder as if it were dressed in white. by Yukiko Okamoto |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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