| [V]Themes for tanka composition(3)(Junior course Ⅲ) (1) Tanka in January （20002）平成14年(2/12-3/13) “Warblers tell me spring has arrived” In all of this year's articles, I would like to discuss the themes on which one should compose tanka in order to express his/her heart in the same way the ancient poets expressed the impressions they had of the beauties of every season in their tanka as I mentioned last year. In Mutsuki[January](2/12-3/13), the most suitable themes on which to compose tanka are Ume(plum blossom), Uguisu(bush warbler) and Kasumi(haze). I suggested that you compose tanka on the theme, “Ume blossoms tell me spring has arrived” last year, but this year, I hope you can do so on the theme, “Warblers tell me spring has arrived”. From the mist of time, ume blossoms as well as bush warblers have been also regarded things as tell us spring has arrived, as I mentioned before. But warblers seem to be able to respond to the current of seasons sooner than plum blossoms. So, such poets in Kokin-shu as Muneyana Ariwara(?-898) who is heir to the famous poet, Narihira Ariwara(825-881) and Monk Sosei(?-909) composed the following tanka in this collection. It is not plum blossoms/ but bush warblers that tell me that spring has arrived/ in my deep mountain village mocking my impatience. by Muneyana Ariwara I think the warblers/ must have mistaken the snow for plum blossoms, as/ they sing songs upon the twigs as if spring had now arrived. by Monk Sosei Even in the Heian and Kamakura periods, when Shinkokin-shu was compiled, such poetesses as Jyosaimonin no Hyoe(1107-1183) composed the following tanka as the poets in Kokin-shu did. What sign of spring makes/ warblers come out from their beds to the valley where/ the snow is not completely put out of sight, I wonder? by Jyosaimonin no Hyoe Now, for your tanka composition I will show you more tanka, which are composed by Asatada Fujiwara(909-966), two fellow pupils, Takako Tanaka and Sakiko Takubo, and myself on the theme, "Bush warblers tell me spring has arrived". 鶯の 声なかりせは 雪消えぬ 山里いかて 春を知らまし How am I to know/ that spring has come to my home in the deep mountains/ on which the snow still remains without hearing warblers' songs? by Asatada Fujiwara 我庵の 梅か香かをる 窓の外に 春告け初むる 鶯の声 The first warblers' voice/ telling that spring has arrived in my garden where/ the plum blossoms are abloom, can be heard through the window. by Takako Tanaka 窓近く 鳴く鶯の 長閑なる 声にも春の 色の見えける The voice of warblers,/ which I hear near the window, sounds so peaceful and/ mild that I find them singing songs which carry spring to me. by Sakiko Takubo 我庭の 梅の初花 いさなひし 鶯春の おとつれを告く The warblers which sing/ merry songs on the plum twigs whose blossoms are in/ bloom in my garden today tell me that spring has arrived. by Musuo Shukuya |
第五章（～歌の主題 3～）[初級講座Ⅲ] 第1節：睦月の歌「鶯告春」（うぐひすはるをつげる） 第４章に続いて本章でも、短歌として何を詠むべきかに言及したいと思う。古来から日本の歌人達は自然の四季の変化に感動し、その美しさを歌に詠んできた。つまり、歌の主題は「四季を詠む」ものであった。この一年間も、日本の歌人達が四季折々に取り扱ってきた主な主題を取り上げて、その例歌を参考に読者の方々にも歌を詠んで戴きたいと思う。睦月といえば、「梅」を筆頭にして、「鶯」と「初霞（ういがすみ）」が主題となる。歌題としては、一昨年の「早春」、昨年の「梅花告春」に続いて今回は「鶯告春」を詠んで戴く。 梅が咲き鶯が鳴くと、それらは春の到来を告げているように歌人達は受け取ってきたのである。昨年は「梅が春を告げること」を詠んで戴いたのですが、今年は「鶯が春を告げること」を詠んで戴く。梅も鶯も春の到来を察知して自然の営みが始まるが、動物である鶯の方が逸早く季節の変化に対応するようである。古今和歌集の中で、在原業平の嫡男・棟梁は「春になってもまだ梅の花の咲かない山里では、鶯だけがつまらなそうな声ではあるが、鳴いていることだ」という意味の「春たてと花もにほはぬ山里は物憂かる音に鶯の鳴く」という歌を詠んでいる。また、素性法師も「春になったので、鶯は雪を梅の花だと思ったのだろうか。雪のかかった枝で鶯が楽しそうに鳴いていることだ」という意味の「春立ては花とや見らむ白雪のかかれる枝に鶯の鳴く」という歌を詠んでいる。 また、時代が下がった新古今和歌集の歌人の中でも、上西門院兵衛は「何を春の兆しと思って出て来たのだろうか。雪がまだ消えない谷の鶯は」という意味の「何事を春のしるしに出つらん雪消えやらぬ谷の鶯」という歌を詠んでいる。 今回は「鶯告春」を歌題に、「鶯が鳴く声を聞かなかったら、どうして春の到来を知ることが出来るだろうか。まだ雪が消えない山里では」という意味の新古今の歌人・藤原朝忠の歌、「窓の外を眺めると梅が咲いた庵の庭から春の到来を告げる鶯の鳴く声が聞こえてきた」という意味の同門の田中タカ子氏の歌、「窓辺に寄ると長閑な鶯の鳴く声が春引き寄せてくれているかのように聞こえてきた」という意味の同門の田窪さき子氏の歌、「我庭に咲き始めた梅の花に引き寄せられて飛んできた鶯が春の到来を告げているかのように鳴いていた」という意味の私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②高山薫③山本綾子④宿谷政枝 ①梅の花 香る相模の 山辺にも 春を告くるや 鶯の鳴く A bush warbler, which/ tells me spring has come, perhaps, sings its song out from/ the Sagami mountainside, where plum blossoms are in bloom. by Wakako Kobayashi ②春告けて 梅枝に鳴く 鶯の 初音もとかし 埼玉の里 The warbler's first cry,/ which can be heard from the twigs of the plum tree is / so unsteady, as if it wondered if spring had arrived. by Kaoru Takayama ③朝ほらけ 梅香渡る 庭先に 春誘ふや 鶯の声 The voice of warblers/ can be heard in my garden early this morning,/ where plum blossoms are in bloom: Does it mean spring has arrived? by Ayako Yamamoto ④梅匂ふ 春また浅き 山里に はや訪ふて鳴く 鶯の声 The unsteady cries,/ which the warblers utter first as soon as they call/ from the deep mountain village with plums abloom, are now heard. by Masae Shukuya |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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