| [IV]Themes for tanka composition(2)(Junior courseⅡ) (10) Tanka October（2001）平成13年(11/15-12/14) “Autumn leaves becoming crimson” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Kannazuki[October](11/15-12/14). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is "Shigure" or ‘A shower which falls in late autumn or early winter'. Every time a shower falls, autumn leaves become more crimson. So, “Autumn leaves becoming crimson” can be one of themes of this month. Of course, there are other things which dye autumn leaves crimson. As the following tanka shows, the dews and frosts also bring more color to the autumn leaves: Why do dews and frost/ dye the autumn leaves of trees such a deep crimson?/ --although this crimson seems not the color of dews and frosts. anonymous Furthermore, as the following tanka also shows, the dews and frosts are compared to the woof and the warp with which people weave brocade: Although both the woof/ of dews and the warp of frosts cannot be so weak,/ why does the mountain brocade break so soon after wearing? anonymous It is thought that the author of this tanka was expressing his sorrow that the autumn leaves fall in haste. But it should be considered that he gives his impression of the beauty of the leaves, which fall so soon, as people think the cherry blossoms, whose petals fall as soon as they bloom, beautiful. Anyway, Japanese have regarded that which changes in haste as beautiful from the mist of time. Last year I asked you to compose on the theme, "Shigure" or ‘A shower which falls in late autumn or early winter'. This time, I hope you can compose on the theme, "Autumn leaves becoming crimson", which a shower falling in early winter brings out. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Yoen Fujiwara(1047-1125), Shitagou Minamoto(911-987), Ise(?-940-?) and myself on the theme, "Autumn leaves becoming crimson". Yoen Fujiwara must have expressed awe and respect for the mystery of nature in his tanka: even tiny phenomenon like a shower, whose power is much inferior to the flowing water in a mountain stream, turns the leaves crimson completely. 山川の水はまさらて時雨には紅葉の色そ深くなりける Although a shower/ is not superior to water in mountains,/ it dyes the color of leaves much more deeply than the stream. by Yoen Fujiwara 名を聞けは昔なからの山なれと時雨るゝ秋は色まさりけり Mt. Nagara still/ has same name that I had heard it called as before,/ but it becomes deeper red in autumn with many showers. by Shitagou Minamoto 涙さへ時雨にそへて故郷は紅葉の色も濃さそ優れる The color of leaves/ in my native village, where this very shower/ even with my sad tears falls, seems much deeper than before. by Ise |
大原の 里のみ寺の 紅葉葉は 時雨のたひに 色深み行く Leaves at a temple/ in the village, Ohara become more deeply/ colored with every shower that comes to fall on its yard. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第四章（～歌の主題 2～）[初級講座Ⅱ] 第10節：神無月の歌「紅葉深」（もみじふかし） 今回は神無月の歌を詠んで戴く。神無月といえば、まず「時雨」が主題となる。「時雨」は長月から神無月にかけて降り始める降ったり止んだりする定めなき雨のことである。そこで歌題にはまず「時雨」がある。紅葉は時雨が降るたびに深まっていく。そこで歌題には「紅葉深」がある。 しかし、紅葉を染めるものは時雨ばかりではない。古歌に「露霜の色とも見えぬ紅に如何で染めける木の葉なるらむ」とあるように露や霜も紅葉を赤く染めていく。また、古歌に「霜の経露の緯こそ弱からし山の錦の織れはかつ散る」とあるように、霜や露が紅葉を染めていくのを経糸と緯糸で錦を織るのに例えて歌に詠むこともある。この場合、霜が経糸で露が緯糸に例えられる。「霜の経糸と露の緯糸で織った錦は弱くないはずなのに、山の錦は織ったらすぐ散ってしまうことだ」と詠んだものである。ここでも、すぐに散っていくが故に櫻は美しいものとしてきたように、すぐ散ってしまう紅葉もまた美しいと見て詠んだものと見るべきである。日本人が「移ろうものに美を感じる」という審美感を持っているからである。 今回の歌題「紅葉深」の例歌の一つ、藤原永縁の歌は「山川の水に優っているわけでもないのに、時雨は紅葉の色を一層深く濃くしている」と詠んだものであるが、その中にも自然への摩訶不思議な力に対する畏敬の念を読み取ることが出来る。 源順の歌は人によって解釈が分かれるところである。「ながらの山」は「歌枕」にもなっている山であるところから、「ながら山は名を聞いただけでは、昔のままの山であるけれども、いつもの年より多く時雨の降った今年の秋は山の紅葉の色は深まっていた」と解釈できる。 昨年は「時雨」を歌題に歌を詠んで戴いたが、今年は時雨が降る度に紅葉は深まって行く様子を「紅葉深」と題して詠んでいただく。「紅葉深」を歌題に、前述の藤原永縁、源順の他に、伊勢と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Corner プラザ歌壇入選者 ① 小林和歌子②関弘子③高山薫④山本綾子 ①夜もすから降る時雨にや小倉山一入深し峰の紅葉葉 I wonder if it/ was the shower which fell all through the night which dyed/ the leaves more crimson on top of Mt. Ogurayama. by Wakako Kobayashi ②谷川に 写る紅葉の 色深し 錦織り成す 故郷の山 The red leaves mirrored/ on the surface of the stream, which flows in the vale/ of my native village, grow more crimson, like a brocade. by Hiroko Seki ③鬼怒川の 川面に写る 山々の 色深みゆく 峯の紅葉葉 The red leaves mirrored/ on the surface of the stream, the Kinu river,/ dye more crimson all the tops of the surrounding mountains. by Kaoru Takayama ④もの思ふ秋の夕への時雨にも山の紅葉は色深みゆく Red leaves covering/ all the mountain are turned to crimson by showers/ falling while autumn evening sinks deep in meditation. by Ayako Yamamoto |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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