| [IV]Themes for tanka composition(2)(Junior courseⅡ) (9) Tanka in August（2001）平成13年(10/17-11/14) “The first wild geese seen from the breaks of the clouds” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Nagatsuki[September](10/17-11/14). This month is the last month in autumn, so a shower in late autumn dyes the leaves. Now, the chrysanthemum is at its best. The frost falls and the wild geese visit from northern countries. Last year I asked you to compose on the theme, "The wild geese". This time I hope you can compose on the more limited theme, “The first wild geese seen from the breaks of the clouds”. The wild geese migrate from Siberia around the autumnal equinox and go back around the vernal equinox. They fly away following their leader like a line or veer of wild geese. They have been often used in poetry as one of natural autumn scenes from the mist of time in Japan. There is a very famous story: about two thousand years ago, when a Chinese, Sobu, was arrested by detectives of the northern country, Kyodo, he hit on the idea of tying a piece of cloth to the foot of a wild geese in order to send a message to his native country. It is said that a poet, Tomonori Kino(?-907) composed the following tanka, which I showed before, bringing this story to his mind: On the autumn wind/ I could hear the first crying of wild geese passing./ I wonder whence they come, with a love-letter from someone? Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Monk Saigyo(1118-1190), Princess Shokushi(?-1201), Ietaka Fujiwara(1158-1237) and myself on the theme, "The first wild geese seen from the breaks of the coulds". Monk Saigyo expressed his impression in his tanka of when he heard the first call of the wild geese early in the morning. Princess Shokushi seems to have composed her tanka with regret for the wild geese flying away. The wild geese tend to fly about in the moonlight: I read news about wild geese with their photo in which their figure called a line or a veer of wild geese was described in the news paper, The Sankei dated 12th December, 2000. In this photo a flock of wild geese were flying away below the moon shining brightly. I hear that about ten thousand wild geese, which were divided into many flocks, took off from lake Izunuma located at the northern area in Miyagi prefecture in the moonlight in the early morning. About thirty thousand of wild geese migrated to this lake in 1999, I hear. 横雲の 風に別るゝ しののめに 山飛ひ越ゆる 初雁の声 This early morning/ I hear the voice of wild geese, which are now going/ over the mountain covered with clouds divided in two. by Monk Saigyo いつ方へ 雲居の雁の 過きるらむ 月は西にそ 傾きにける In the midnight when/ the moon goes down in the west, I wonder which way/ the wild geese have gone away in the distant cloudy sky. by Princess Shokushi 秋風の 袖の吹きまく 峰の雲を 翼にかけて 雁も鳴くなり The wild geese also/ are flying away beyond the peaks of mountains/ covered with the floating clouds fluttered in the autumn winds. by Ietaka Fujiwara 望月の 影も隠るゝ 雲間より 声懐かしき 初雁の行く From the breaks of clouds,/ which sometimes cover the moon, the flocks of wild geese/ are flying away singing their songs which I have yearned for. by Mutsuo Shukuya |
第四章（～歌の主題 2～）[初級講座Ⅱ] 第9節：長月の歌「雲間初雁」（くもまのはつかり） 今回は長月の歌を詠んで戴く。長月は晩秋となり、時雨が紅葉を染め、菊の華が咲き、田に稲が稔り、霜が降り、越冬の為に雁が北国からやって来る。昨年は歌題として「雁」を広い範囲で詠んで戴いたが、今年はより制限のある「雲間初雁」という題で詠んで戴く。 雁は秋分ごろシベリア方面から渡来し、春分のころ故郷に帰っていく。ある一羽が先頭に立ち、「鉤になり竿になり」して飛ぶ。その姿は雁行・雁陣などと呼ばれる。雁の飛行・飛来は秋の風物詩として古来から歌に詠まれてきた。前漢の蘇武という人が匈奴に囚われ、雁の足に帛を結んで故国に便りを届けたという話は有名である。「秋風にのって、初雁の声が聞こえてくる。誰の手紙を足にかけて持って来たのだろうか」という意味の「秋風に初雁音そ聞こゆなるたか玉梓をかけて来つらむ」と詠んだ紀友則の歌はこの故事を思い浮かべて詠んだ歌である。 「雲間初雁」を歌題に、西行法師、式子内親王、藤原家隆と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 西行法師の歌は「朝に初雁を聞く」という詞書が付いている。「東の空に横に長くなびく雲が風で峰から別れていく夜明けに、山を飛び越えて聞こえてくる初雁の声よ」と初雁を迎えた感動を歌に詠んだものである。 式子内親王の歌は「雲のある遠くの空を飛んでいく雁は何処の方向に過ぎ去って行ったのだろう。月は西に傾いしまっているこの夜更けに」と過ぎ去っていった雁を惜しんで詠んだものである。満月の夜更けに雁は飛來していくようである。昨年（平成12年）2000の12月12日付けの産経新聞には満月の明け方の夜に、一万羽の雁が数十羽単位の群れをなして飛んでいく写真が掲載されていた。そして、約3万羽の雁がシベリアから宮城県北部の伊豆沼に飛来してきているという。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Corner プラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②関弘子③高山薫④山本綾子 ①夕映えの雲路をならす初雁や誰か玉章を携へ渡る Oh, wild geese flying/ beyond the clouds dyed crimson in the evening sun,/ I wonder whence they come, with a love-letter from someone? by Wakako Kobayashi ②茜なす雲のまにまに玉章を携へ渡る初雁の声 Following the course/ of the clouds shining crimson the voice of wild geese/ carrying their love-letters can be heard from the far clouds. by Hiroko Seki ③埼玉の野辺の夕への西の空赤き雲間に初雁の声 The wild geese crying/ can be heard from the far clouds floating in the sky/ as I look up this evening from a Sakitama field. by Kaoru Takayama ④見渡せば雲の絶え間に連なりて初雁渡る秋の夕暮れ As I watch the evening sky/ the wild geese flying away emerge as a line/ from the breaks in floating clouds while the day's light is fading. by Ayako Yamamoto |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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