| [IV]Themes for tanka composition(2)(Junior courseⅡ) (6) Tanka in June （2001）平成13年(7/21-8/18) “The clear sky after a shower” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Minazuki[June](7/21-8/18). The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka this month is "Yudachi" or 'Evening showers'. This time, I hope you can compose on the more limited theme, “The clear sky after a shower”. An evening shower was one of things that brought us coolness both in mind and body even in hot summer in those days when there were no devices such as air conditioners. In one of the tanka collections, Shin-Kokinwakashu we can find many tanka composed on this theme. Here, I will show you the following tanka by Kiyosuke Fujiwara(1103-1177). He learned about tanka composition from his father, Akisuke Fujiwara(1090-1155) and became one of the leading scholors like Shunzei Fujiwara(1114-1204) in those days. Onozukara/ suzushikumo aruka/ natsugoromo himoyu-gureno/ ameno nagorini It has suddenly/ become cool after showers in the evening/ when one should try to put on one's casual summer clothes. by Kiyosuke Fujiwara He uses a technique, "Kake-kotoba" in which a word, "himoyu" in the above tanka, which has two different meanings at once though it sounds the same when we read it; ‘in the evening' and 'try to put on'. His use here is not original; rather, he quotes from the following anonymous tanka. He also uses another technique, "Honkadori" to compose tanka using the phrase, "suzushikumo aruka" or ‘cool' from the following refined tanka by Tsurayuki Kino(?-945). Karakoromo/ himoyu-gureni/ narutokiwa kaesugaesumo/ hitowa koishiki I would like to meet/ my own lover by all means on this evening/ when one should try to put on one's casual Chinese clothes. anonymous Kawakazeno/ suzushikumo aruka/ uchiyosuru namito tomoniya/ akiwa tatsuramu The breeze from a stream/ is so cool that autumn must have already come/ as if ripples washed the shore of this stream gradually. by Tsurayuki Kino Now, let me show you more tanka, which are composed by Yoshitsune Fujiwara(1169-1206), Yorimasa Minamoto(1105-1180). a fellow pupil, Nagako Sato and myself on the theme, "The clear sky after a shower". 入日さす外山の雲は晴れにけり嵐にすくる夕立の空 The clouds covering/ the mountain in the distance completely vanish/ after a stormy shower and the bright setting sun shines. by Yoshitsune Fujiwara 庭の面はまた乾かぬに夕立の空さりげなく澄める月かな Up in the clear sky/ as soon as the shower stops the moon has come out/ although waters are still left on the ground of my garden. by Yorimasa Minamoto |
夕立のあとなく晴れて山端に虹見え初めて蘇る木々 After the shower/ the sky clears up, making way for a rainbow, which/ leans on the mountain slope, where leaves on the trees look vivid. by Nagako Sato 夕立の雨は上かりて晴れ渡る空の彼方に七色の虹 It has just cleared up/ after an evening shower and in the distance/ a rainbow crossing the sky appears with seven colors. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第四章（～歌の主題 2～）[初級講座Ⅱ] 第6節：水無月の歌「夕立晴」（ゆうだちばれ） 今回は水無月の歌を詠んで戴く。水無月といえば、まず暑さが極まって大暑を迎える月である。この暑さに清涼感を与えるのが夕立である。歌は季節の折々を詠み込むものであるが、苦しさや辛さを嘆くものではない。その意味で暑さの中でも清清しい清涼感を詠む歌題に「夕立」がある。昨年は「夕立」を広範囲に詠んで戴いたが、今回は「夕立晴」と題して夕立の後に晴れ上がった空の様子を詠んで戴く。 現代のように冷房装置のなかった時代は夏の暑さを癒してくれるものにこの夕立があったようである。新古今和歌集の中でもこの夕立が多く詠まれている。父顕輔より六条家歌学を相伝し、藤原俊成と対峙した藤原清輔が「おのずから涼しいことだ。夏着の紐を結ぶようになった夕暮れの雨（夕立）の名残に」という意味の「おのずから涼しくもあるか夏衣日も夕暮れの雨の名残に」という歌を残している。 この歌は読者に優雅な連想を引き起こす歌の修辞法の「掛詞」が用いられている。「日も夕」と「紐結ふ」である。これは作者独自の発想というよりは、古今和歌集からの借用でもある。古今和歌集の中には、「唐衣ひもゆうぐれになる時は返す返すぞ人は恋しき」という読人しらずの歌があるからである。この歌には技法を借用するだけでなく、これも修辞法の一つになっているが、言葉そのものを借用する「本歌取り」が用いられている。本歌は紀貫之の「川風の涼しくもあるかうちよする波とともにや秋は立つらむ」という歌で、この歌の「涼しくもあるか」を借用している。 「夕立」を歌題に、藤原良経、源頼政、歌の同門の佐藤長子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②関弘子③小林洋子④高山薫 夕立の雨は上かりて涼風の通ふ峰には錦織る虹 The rainbow comesout/ as soon as a shower stops in the far distance/ above the mountain's peak, where the cool breeze are fluttering. by Wakako Kobayashi 玉露の残る草葉に風立ちぬ夕立晴の夏の夕暮れ On the evening of/ a day in summer after a shower has stopped,/ the leaves with drops of the rain are fluttering in the breeze. by Hiroko Seki 夕立も過きて入日に木々の葉のまた干ぬ露を珠と見紛ふ The drops of the rain/ can be seen like jewelry in the bright sunset/ when I watch trees in the wood as soon as a shower stops. by Yoko Kobayashi 打ち続く暑さ凌きつ待ち侘ひぬ夕立晴れて澄める望月 I have been yearning/ for a shower for a while in this hot weather./ So, the bright moon has risen above the clear sky at last. by Kaoru Takayama |
|
| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
| プラボットの異端児（短歌入門部屋）に戻る 当サイトはリンクフリーです、どうぞご自由に。 Copyright(c) 2010 Yoshihiro Kuromichi(plabotnoitanji@yahoo.co.jp) |
||