| [IV]Themes for tanka composition(2)(Junior courseⅡ) (4) Tanka in April（2001）平成13年(4/23-5/22) “The cuckoo bird” In this chapter, I will try to discuss how tanka should be composed in Uzuki[April](4/23-5/22)*. The most suitable theme on which to compose tanka is namely Unohana(the flower of deutzia). Under the lunar calendar, not only Uzuki but also Satsuki[May](6/21-7/20) and Minatsuki[June] (7/21-8/18) are all summer. Birds are also used to give the flavor of the season; the cuckoo bird is popular as one of the themes in summer as well as the bush warbler in spring or the wild geese in autumn. I suggested you to compose tanka on the theme, "The flower of deutzia" last year. This time, I hope you can do so to on an easier theme, "The cuckoo bird". The cuckoo bird migrates from the sorth early summer when the flower of deutzia or iris, on which the following tanka are composed by Mitsune Ooshikochi(?-900-?) and Yoshitsune Fujiwara(1169-1206), comes out and leaves in early autumn. Some of the cuckoos,/ which have now apparently already arrived/ when the deutzia came out, fly overhead crying out. by Mitsune Ooshikochi The iris, wetted/ with raindrops, is flowering on the evening of/ a fine day in May and now the cuckoo birds are singing. by Yoshitsune Fujiwara Most people have yearned for hearing the voices of the cuckoo birds which sing in the mountain first then do so in the village as shown in the following tanka composed by Tomonori Kino(?-907). Furthermore, the cuckoo birds begin to sing before day breaks; it always breaks early in summer but late in autumn as shown in the following tanka composed by Tsurayiki Kino(?-945). While I was crossing/ the slopes of Mount Otowa I heard a cuckoo/ singing above the treetops now for the first time this year. by Tomonori Kino As soon as I take/ a nap for a little while on a summer night,/ day breaks when the cuckoo birds can be heard for the first time. by Tsurayuki Kino Now, let me show you more tanka, which are composed by Shunzei Fujiwara(1114-1202), Ietaka Fujiwara(1158-1237), Saigyo-hoshi(1118-1190) and myself on the theme, “The cuckoo bird.” *leap April(5/23-6/20) 雨注く 花橘に 風過きて 山郭公 雲に鳴くなり Although the flowers/ of mandarin orange trees blooming in the rain/ are fragrant on this mountain, cuckoos sing from shady clouds. by Shunzei Fujiwara 橘の 花散る里の 夕風に 山郭公 声かをるなり In the evening breeze,/ which blows in the village where petals are falling,/ --manderin orange flowers-- cuckoos' voice sound like their scent. by Ietaka Fujiwara 郭公 深き峰より 出にけり 外山の裾に 声の落ち来る From the deep mountains/ cuckoo birds must have arrived around the foot of/ their steep slopes: their clear voices indeed seem so much closer. by Saigyo- hoshi |
山深き 草の庵に 夏来れと 訪ふ郭公 声も稀なり Though summer has come/ at my cottage, where I stay in these deep mountains,/ the voice of cuckoos for which I yearn cannot yet be heard. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第四章（～歌の主題 2～）[初級講座Ⅱ] 第4節：卯月の歌「郭公」（ほととぎす） 今回は卯月の歌を詠んで戴く。卯月といえば、まずその名の如く「卯花」が主題となる。旧暦では卯月は夏の始まりである。鳥の中では, 春は「鶯」、秋は「雁」に代表されるように、夏はなんと言っても「郭公」である。歌題として昨年は「卯花」を詠んで戴いたが、今年は「郭公」を詠んで戴く。郭公は次の凡河内躬恒と藤原良経の歌に詠まれていることで分かるように、卯の花や菖蒲が咲く頃にやってきて秋には南方に帰っていく。 凡河内躬恒の歌は「郭公が鳴くのは、自己をも忘れたような呆然とした状態で、浮世の空を泣きながら飛んでいくのだろう」という意味の「郭公我とはなしに卯の花の憂き世の中に鳴き渡るらむ」という歌である。次に藤原良経の歌は「雨にしめって菖蒲が一層強く香っていることだ。郭公が鳴いている五月雨の夕暮れに」という意味の「うちしめり菖蒲ぞかをる郭公鳴くや五月の雨の夕暮」という歌である。 最初は山で鳴き、それから里に来て鳴くというので、昔から人はその鳴き声を待ち侘びたものである。紀友則の歌に「音羽山を今朝越えて来たところ、郭公の声が梢遙かに、今（初めて）鳴いた」という意味の「音羽山を今朝越え来れば郭公梢遙に今ぞ鳴くなる」という歌があるが、まさにこの憧れを詠んだものである。 郭公は夜の明けないうちから鳴き始めることから、紀貫之の歌に「横になったかと思うと、郭公の鳴く一声で夏の夜がもう白々と明ける夜明けよ」という意味の「夏の夜の伏すかとすれば郭公鳴く一声に明くる東雲」という歌がある。秋の夜長に対して夏の夜は短いことを詠むことが歌の世界の慣わしですが、この歌はその典型とも言える歌である。 「郭公」の歌題に他に藤原俊成、藤原家隆、西行法師と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②関弘子③山本綾子④高山薫 ①暮るヽかと 思へは明くる 東雲の 空に囀る 山郭公 Day breaks in summer/ as soon as it becomes dark --and then the cuckoos/ coming from the deep mountains sing songs into the blue sky. by Wakako Kobayashi ②故郷の 橘香る 花の下 鳴き語らふや 山郭公 Under the flowers/ of mandarin orange trees in my native town,/ the cuckoos sing together as they talk with each other. by Hiroko Seki ③山深き 峰より出る 郭公 待ち侘ふ故か 声も懐かし Since I have longed for/ the voice of cuckoos coming from the deep mountains,/ they can be heard much clearer than I heard them last summer. by Ayako Yamamoto ④故郷の 産土の森 橘の 香る朝に 郭公鳴く This early morning/ when the mandarin flowers are just in full bloom,/ the cuckoos sing together in the wood deities live. by Kaoru Takayama |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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