| [IV]Themes for tanka composition(2)(Junior courseⅡ ) (1) Tanka in January（2001）平成13年(1/24-2/22) “Ume blossoms tell us spring has arrived” In all of this year's articles, I would like to discuss the themes on which one should compose tanka in order to express his/her heart in the same way the ancient poets expressed the impressions they had in the beauties of every season in their tanka. In Mutsuki[January](1/24-2/22), the most suitable themes on which to compose tanka are Ume(plum blossom), Uguisu(bush warbler) and Kasumi(haze). I suggested you to compose tanka on the theme, “Early spring” last year, but this year I hope you can compose tanka on the theme, “Ume blossoms tell us spring has arrived.” From the mist of time, Ume blossoms as well as bush warblers, have also been regarded as things that tell us spring has arrived. There are reddish and yellow ones kinds of Ume blossoms, which came from China, but when we say “Ume” in Japanese, it means the white plum blossoms. Since the era when Kokin and Shin-Kokin were compiled, poets have composed tanka about the scent of the plum blossoms, like the following tanka: In the spring evening/ the darkness seems so powerless against plum blossoms:/ even if we can not see, then, it fails to hide their scent. by Mitsune Oshikochi The sky is misted/ by the fragrance rising from the plum blossoms, yet/ never completely clouded -- the moon on a night in spring. by Teika Fujiwara "Kokin-denjyu" or the code of tanka composition in Kokin descended from the poet and compiler of Kokin, Tsurayuki Kino, to disciples, such as Shunzei and Teika Fujiwara who completed this code. For example, when one composes tanka on the theme, "Ume", only warblers have been connected with them like the following tanka, although many birds actually visit them as in the following tanka. All around the hill/ covered with plum blossoms, where my cottage stands, sing/ the lovely warblers their song telling me of my fortune. by Hitomaro Kakinomoto Here, for your tanka composition I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by three fellow pupils, Michiko Reizei, Kazuko Kijima, Kyoko Fujita and myself on the theme, “Ume blossoms tell us spring has arrived.” 吹く風にかよふ袖の香たつぬれは春の挿頭の梅の花咲く When I go out to/ smell my own clothes fluttering in the blowing wind,/ I find the plum blossoms', which tell me that spring has arrived. by Michiko Reizei 袖垣に 名残の雪を 止むれと 春の調へと 梅の綻ふ The white plum blossoms/ have begun to bloom as if spring made melodies,/ although the snows in traces lie on edges of a fence. by Kazuko Kijima 鶯の 塒の梅の 綻ひぬ 春告く花の 色香長閑けき The white plum blossoms,/ called the good messengers as they tell spring has come/ and the roosts of the warblers, bloom with their elegant scent. by Kyoko Fujita |
雪残る 野辺にも春は 来るらし 風に芳し 梅の香れは Spring seems to have come/ to the field too, around which the snow still remains:/ the scent of the plum blossoms is fluttering in the breeze. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第四章（～歌の主題 2～）[初級講座Ⅱ] 第1節：睦月の歌「梅花告春」（ばいかはるをつげる） 第３章に続いて本章でも、短歌として何を詠むべきかに言及したいと思う。古来から日本の歌人達は自然の四季の変化に感動し、その美しさを歌に詠んできた。つまり、歌の主題は「四季を詠むもの」であった。この一年間も、日本の歌人達が四季折々に取り扱ってきた主な歌題を取り上げて、例歌を参考に、読者に歌を詠んでいただこうと思う。今回は睦月の歌を詠んで戴く。睦月といえば、「梅」を筆頭にして「鶯」と「初霞」が主題となる。今回の歌題は、昨年の「早春」に続いて「梅花告春」を詠んで戴く。 梅が咲き鶯が鳴くと、「梅や鶯が春の到来を告げている」と古来から特に歌人達は受け取って来た。梅は中国が原産で、紅梅もあるが「梅」が歌題になった時は「白梅」を詠む事になっている。また、古今・新古今の頃より「香」を尊重して歌に詠んできた。梅の香を詠んだものに、凡河内躬恒の「春の夜の闇はあやなし梅の花色こそ見えね香やは隠るゝ」や第三章[初級講座I]第3節でご紹介した藤原定家の「大空は梅の匂に霞みつゝくもりも果てぬ春の夜の月」の歌がある。 「古今伝授」といって紀貫之から始まって、藤原俊成・定家で完成し、日本の歌の美意識や美の基準が定着した。その基準から歌を詠む時の基準も定着した。例えば「梅」といえば必ず「鶯」という言葉が来るといった具合である。実際には、スズメやめじろのような小鳥が梅の木に着いている虫を食べに来ている場合の方が多いのに、梅には鶯を添えて歌を詠むことになっている。読者に春の到来を連想させ、心をときめかせるからである。第一章[入門講座I]第1節でご紹介したように、万葉集の中にも柿本人麻呂が「梅の花咲ける岡辺に家居れば乏しくもあらず鶯の声」と詠んでいる。 「梅花告春」を歌題に、歌の同門の冷泉美智子氏、貴島和子氏、藤田京子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②関弘子③高山薫④津田信子 梅枝に 春をは告くる 鶯の 声や誘ひぬ 香り芳し The white plum blossoms,/ are so fragrant indeed that even bush warblers,/ which tell us spring has arrived, must have been tempted by them. by Wakako Kobayashi 山深き榛名の里に仄々と梅の香立ちて 春は来りぬ Spring has just arrived;/ the fragrance of plum blossoms is drifting faintly/ even to this remote place on the mountain, Haruna. by Hiroko Seki 雪深き飛騨の山にも春は来ぬ今朝は軒端の梅も香れは Spring seems to have come/ to the deep mountain, Hida covered with much snow; the plum blossoms in my eaves are so fragrant this morning. by Kaoru Takayama 冴え返る 朝の庭も 淡雪に 紛ふ春告く 梅の初花 The first plum blossoms,/ which tell me spring has arrived, come out like pale snows lain on the twigs of this tree in the cold early morning. by Nobuko Tsuda |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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