| [3] Themes for tanka composition(1) (Junior course I) (12) Tanka in December（2000）平成12年(12/26-1/23) “Water begins freezing into ice” This time, I would like to introduce you to another technique, “Oriku”or ‘acrostic’to insert each syllable of a five syllable word into the head of each line of your five-line tanka. It reminds your readers of some image beyond the words themselves. Tanka composed by using this technique will be very pleasing to people who receive them although it is so difficult to compose tanka using it. The Ise-story is famous for tanka composed with this technique. When some travelers who left Kyoto arrived at Yatsuhashi in Mikawa(Aichi prefecture), they found irises, whose spelling in Japanese has five syllables(ka ki tsu ba[ha] ta)、blooming under the trees where they had lunch. One, who was fascinated with irises, proposed the others to compose tanka inserting each letter of irises in Japanese (ka ki tsu ba[ha] ta) at the head of each line of the five line tanka. So, another traveler composed the following: (Ka)rakoromo/ (ki)tsutsunarenishi (tsu)mashi-areba/ (ha)rubaru-kinuru (ta)biwoshizo-omofu (Since I have lived in/ my hometown with my dear wife as if I myself/ wore Chinese dress, I long for our life in a strange land.) When a friend, who was going to visit “Victoria”in Canada, asked me to compose a tanka as a memento, I also tried to composed the following tanka using this technique. In the Japanese version, each line starts with each letter of “Victoria”which sounds (bi[hi] ku to ri a)”: (Hi)mugashino/ (ku)mo-kakaru-mine (to)hoyamano/ (ri)mudouno-hana (a) mata-sakisomu (On the distant peak/ of the mountain in the east the gentian flowers/ have just burst into full bloom beyond the floating white coulds.) In Shiwasu[December](12/26-1/23), the most suitable theme on which to compose tanka is “Kori”or ‘Ice’: ponds and streams begin freezing in Shiwasu [December]. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Shunzei Fujiwara(1114-1202), Tsurayuki Kino(?-945), my mentor, Fumiko Reizei, a fellow pupil, Tsuneko Takeichi and myself on the theme,“Water begins freezing into ice”. I hope these tanka can also encourage people who have practiced expressing their hearts in strict 31 syllable tanka form. かつ氷りかつは砕くる山川の岩間にむせふ暁の声 It is so cold that/ water flowing around rocks in the mountain stream/ freezes into ice and breaks. -- their sounds at dawn seem to weep. by Shunzei Fujiwara 池の面は落つる月影閉し込めて初めて結ふ夜半の薄氷 Even the moonlight/ is it shut up in a pond? -- Water in the pond/ has begun freezing into ice for the first time tonight. by Fumiko Reizei |
枯葦のむら立つ汀水鳥の寄る辺を氷結ひ初めけり The rippling shore,/ on which migratory birds flock together with/ each other among the reeds, begins freezing into ice. by Tsuneko Takeichi 身にそしむ風や誘なふ我庭の夜半の池面に結ふ薄氷 Cold winds blowing hard/ at midnight bring, I wonder. -- Water in the pond/ in my garden has begun freezing suddenly to ice. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第三章（～歌の主題 1～）[初級講座I] 「折句」 第12節：師走の歌「氷結始」（こおりむすびはじめる） 今回は連想に関する修辞法「折句」を紹介する。「折句」とは与えられた5文字の題を各句の初めに分けて詠み込む技法である。これまでの修辞法に比べて「言葉遊び」の面が強いことは免れないが、贈答歌としては最高に喜ばれるものである。歌を詠む力が充実していなければ駆使出来ない技法である。「折句」として有名なのが、「伊勢物語」の「八橋」の段に出て来る歌である。三河の国、八橋という所へ着いて、澤の周りの木陰の下で弁当を食べていた時、「かきつばた」の花が美しく咲いていた。それを見てある人が「かきつばた」という5つの文字をそれぞれの各句の上において旅愁を歌に詠めないか」と言ったところ、「唐衣のように、馴れ親しんできた妻が都にいるので、遥々遠くへやってきたこの旅がしみじみ悲しく思われる」という意味の「から衣きつゝ馴れにし妻(つま)しあればはるばる来ぬる旅(たび)をそぞ思ふ」と詠んだ。 私もカナダのビクトリアに住む友人に歌のお土産を届けたいという方のご要望に答えて、「ビクトリア」の5つの文字をそれぞれの句の初めに置いて「東（ひむがし）の雲（くも）かかる峰遠山（とほやま）の竜胆（りんだう）の花あまた咲き初む」という歌を詠んだことがある。 今回は師走の歌を詠んで戴く。師走といえば、澤に氷が張り始める。そこで、歌題としては「氷結始」「河氷」がある。川や池の水が氷れば、空気も乾燥し、夜空には冴え渡る月が見られる。そこで、「寒月」「冬月冴」がある。雪も積もって大地を埋め尽くす。そこで、「竹雪深」「遠村雪」がある。越冬の水鳥も雪や氷の池や川の水辺に見られる。そこで、歌題には「河水鳥」「川辺都鳥」がある。そして、年が明けない内に梅が咲き始め、春の到来を告げる。そこで「早梅」「梅花春告」がある。 「氷結始」を歌題に藤原俊成、歌の師範・冷泉布美子先生、歌の同門・武市恒子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①小林和歌子②関弘子③高山薫④アイリーン・ケルマン ①木々の葉を残らつ散らす風荒ふ夜半に結ふや庭の薄氷 During last night, when/ the winds blowing all the time let whole leaves scatter,/ I wonder it has frozen for the first time in my yard, by Wakako Kobayashi ②紅の 花閉し込むる 蹲も 今朝の寒さに 結ふ薄氷 Upon a surface/ of my favorite pail, where the pink camellia/ do I always dip myself it freezes this cold morning. by Hiroko Seki ③年の暮れ衾恋しき夜は明けて庭の筧に氷柱結へり At dawn of a day/ in December, when I just hesitate to leave/ my bed, I find icicles on a conduit in my yard. by Kaoru Takayama ④寒空に茂る梢の葉も落ちて川面にははや浮かふ薄氷 Whole leaves covering/ the treetops spreading themselves in the cloudy sky/ have already fallen, while it freezes in the river. by Aileen Kerman |
|
| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
| プラボットの異端児（短歌入門部屋）に戻る 当サイトはリンクフリーです、どうぞご自由に。 Copyright(c) 2010 Yoshihiro Kuromichi(plabotnoitanji@yahoo.co.jp) |
||