| [3] Themes for tanka composition(1) (Junior course I) (5) Tanka in June （2000）平成12年(6/2-7/1) “The fireflies” As the theory of Reizei, or Shinkokin, style through which they have composed tanka that cherishes the gorgeous and quiet ligering spiritual aftertaste of its world, previously I have shown the technique for tanka composition called “Honkadori”, “Taigendome” and “Rentaidome”. This time, I would like to introduce you to another way to give your readers this spiritual aftertaste after they read your tanka. It is a technique called “Utamakura”: to compose tanka by quoting the same place names that old poets often used in their tanka on the same themes. Here, I will show you two tanka composed using this technique. One is by Yoshitsune Fujiwara(1169-1206) who composed it using a place name, “Ashiya” remembering the following tanka which Narihira Ariwara made at Ashiya in his story, “Ise” on the theme, “fireflies”. Can those be stars in/ the night’s clear heavens, or else riverbank fireflies?/ -- No, they are the fisherman’s flares burning at my village. by Narihira Ariwara The other is the following tanka which Kunaikyo(?-1203-?) composed by quoting a place name, “Mt. Hira” which is famous for winds blowing from its mountain. The wind blowing down/ from Mount Hira ravishes cherry blossoms--/ even the wake of a boat, rowing away, can be seen. by Kunaikyo In Satsuki[May](6/2-7/1), the most suitable themes on which to compose tanka are Hotaru(The fireflies). As the fireflies begin to fly around early in May, I hope you can compose on the theme, “The fireflies” first. An author, Sei-shonagon(?-1000-?) also mentions how we appreciate the fireflies’ elegance when they fly around in her essay, “Makura-no-Soshi”. So, you can compose tanka easier on the theme, “The fireflies around stream” and “The fireflies light in the water grasses”: ‘We can appreciate elegance of a summer night. The better, the more the moon grows full. Still more, when it becomes dark because many fireflies fly around or a few ones fly away lighting faintly.’ Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Yoshitsune Fujiwara, my mentor, Fumiko Reizei, a fellow pupil, Tsuneko Takeichi and myself on the theme, “The fireflies”. 漁り火の昔の光ほの見えて芦屋の里に飛ふ蛍かな The fishing fleet flares--/ flaming lights from olden times shine faintly still in/ the village of Ashiya where the fireflies are flitting. by Yoshitsune Fujiwara 散る蛍己か思ひに燃ゆれとも人目は涼し谷水のかけ Although these falling/ fireflies burn to consummate their passions, they look/ so cool as we gaze on them in the valley stream’s darkness. by Fumiko Reizei 草叢に集く蛍の飛ひ交ふを思はす袖に包み止めむ Flurries of fireflies/ flickering in the grasses? without meaning to,/ my long leeves prevented them from fluttering further on. by Tsuneko Takeichi |
故郷の小山田は早や夕暮れて稲葉に蛍珠と群かる The village where I/ was born, Oyamada, starts growing darker now --/ on the rice leaves the fireflies are flashing like diamonds. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第三章（～歌の主題 1～）[初級講座I] 第5節：皐月の歌「蛍」（ほたる）「歌枕」 余韻・余情を中心とした華麗で閑寂な世界を作り上げる冷泉流の作歌法として、これまでに「本歌取り」「体言止め」「連体止め」という修辞法を紹介してきた。今回は古くから多くの歌に詠み込まれてイメージが定着した地名を引用して、読者により優雅な連想を広げる「歌枕」という修辞法を紹介する。 「蛍」を歌題にして「芦屋」という地名を引用した藤原良経が詠んだ歌は、伊勢物語の中で在原業平が芦屋の里に行った時に、「漁師野の焚く火が沢山見えるのを、星か蛍かと疑って、『晴るる夜の星か川辺の蛍かも我住むかたの海女の焚く火か』と昔詠んだ時のそのままの光がほのかに見えて、同じ芦屋の里に、やはり昔のままに飛んでいる蛍である」と、この修辞法を用いて詠んだ歌である。もう一首、琵琶湖の西岸、比叡山の北にある「平良山」を引用した宮内卿の歌を紹介する。この歌は「花を一緒に誘って吹き散らす平良の山おろしの風が吹いたことだよ、琵琶湖の湖上を漕いでゆく舟の、湖面の落花を分けて進む跡がはっきりと見えるまでに」という意味の『花誘ふ平良の山風吹きにけり漕ぎゆく舟の跡見ゆるまで』という歌である。 今回は皐月の歌を詠んで戴く。皐月といえば、まず蛍が主題となる。蛍は皐月の前半になって飛び交い始めることになる。「枕草子」の中で清少納言も「夏は夜。月のころはさらなり、やみもなほ、蛍の多く飛びちがいたる。また、ただ一つ二つなど、ほのかにうち光て行くもをかし。」と趣の深いことを述べております。歌題としては「蛍」をまず詠んで戴きたいと思う。又「澤蛍」「蛍照水草」とより限定された歌題でも詠んで戴きたいと思う。他に、「五月雨」「夏草」「夏川」「夏森涼」「雨後夏月」「杜蝉」「泉忘夏」がある。 「蛍」を歌題に藤原良経、歌の師範・冷泉布美子先生、歌の同門の武市恒子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①中村正夫②関弘子③桜間恵子④山本綾子 ①小夜更けてせせらき響く山峡の宿の小庭に蛍飛ひ交ふ Late into the night,/ in the garden of our house down in the vally,/ where sounds a murmuring stream, fireflies are flitting around. by Masao Nakamura ②水清き碓氷の川は夕暮れてせせらきの上蛍輝く In Usui, where/ the river waters are clear, evening is falling/ over a little stream while the fireflies are flickering. by Hiroko Seki ③月隠る闇夜にもなほ谷水に影写しつゝ蛍飛ひゆく Even on dark nights/ when the moon is hidden, still their lights are cast on/ the waters of the vale, where fireflies are passing away. by Keiko Sakurama ④流れ星落つるとも見ゆ水面に影写しつゝ蛍舞ひゆく On the water’s face,/ shooting stars appear to be falling from the sky--/ radiant reflections from the dances of the fireflies. by Ayako Yamamoto |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
| プラボットの異端児（短歌入門部屋）に戻る 当サイトはリンクフリーです、どうぞご自由に。 Copyright(c) 2010 Yoshihiro Kuromichi(plabotnoitanji@yahoo.co.jp) |
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