| [3] Themes for tanka composition(1) (Junior course I) (1) Tanka in January （2000）平成12年(2/5-3/5) “Early spring” In all of this year’s articles, I would like to discuss the themes on which one should compose tanka in order to express his/her heart in strict 31 syllable tanka form and I hope he/she can compose tanka referring to some examples which I show you: Teika Fujiwara(1162-1241), who was a talented poet and had taught tanka poetry to Sanetomo Minamoto(1192-1219), one of the generals in Kamakura period, explained the following about not having a tanka mentor in his book, “Eiga-taigai” or “Tanka theory for composing”: “It is not always necessary for us to have a tanka mentor to compose tanka but we must read and appreciate many good tanka. Who could not compose tanka, if they tried to do as old poets, who had written their feelings or ideas which struck their minds and hearts” Furthermore my mentor, Fumiko Reizei always says that the secret of composing good tanka is just that you describe objects as they are. From the mist of time, Japanese poets seem to have expressed the impressions they had in the beauties of every season in their tanka. It is best to use the lunar calendar when you try to compose tanka. For example, when you compose tanka about the full moon in the early spring, we can recognize that you did so on 15th of January. Under the lunar calendar, Mutsuki[January](2/5-3/5), Kisaragi[February](3/6-4/4), Yayoi[March](4/5-5/3) are all spring. In Mutsuki[January], the most suitable themes on which to compose tanka are Ume(plum blossom), Uguisu(bush warbler) and Kasumi(haze); “Early spring”, “Ume blossoms tell us spring has arrived”, “Bush warblers tell us spring has arrived”, “Haze in early spring”, “Ume blossoms along the road”, “Bush warblers which sing in the morning”, “Haze as the clothes of the goddess of spring”, “Bush warblers as friends of spring”, “Bush warblers sing in the haze”, “Spring breeze which melts the ices” in detail. Here, I will show you the following tanka, which are composed by Princess Shokushi(?-1201), my mentor, Fumiko Reizei, a fellow pupil, Michiko Reizei and myself on the theme, “Early spring”. Michiko Reizei composes her tanka using technique, “Kake-Kotoba.” This technique reminds readers of something that poets want to make them think about after they read the tanka. “Kake-Kotoba” stands for a word which holds two different meanings at once though it sounds the same when we read it. She uses one of four kinds of “Kake-Kotoba”, which has two meanings used as both noun & verb. “Tatsuta” is noun and “trail” is verb. I hope these tanka can also encourage people who have practiced to express their hearts in strict 31 syllable tanka form. 山深み春とも知らぬ松の戸に絶え絶えかかる雪の玉水 Deep in the mountains,/ it is hard to realize that spring is coming,/ as melting snow starts to drip rare drops on the pine tree gate. by Princess Shokushi 仄々と霞の衣に包まれて加茂の川上春は長閑けし How quiet spring is!/ above the upper part of The Kamo river/ the haze like a goddess’clothes covering heartwarmingly. By Fumiko Reizei |
朝霞龍田の山の初花を待つも嬉しき春の訪れ How fascinating/ it is to see flowers, which tell me spring comes to/ Mt. Tatsuta, covered with the deep trailing morning mist! by Michiko Reizei 仄々と照れる春日も夕暮れて霞む夜空に昇る望月 Today, it grows dark/ while I lay in the sunlight unconsciously, so/ I find the moon rising up In the sky where the haze hangs. by Mutsuo Shukuya 第三章（～歌の主題 1～）[初級講座I] 「四季を詠む」 第1節：平成12年 睦月の歌「早春」（そうしゅん） これまで、第一章、二章で「短歌は心に感動するものを詠む」ものであり、その感動を31文字（音節）に織り込む方法に、「弛みなき訓練」が必要であることを述べてきた。 第三章では、自分の気持を31文字（音節）に織り込む訓練が出来た人が、短歌として何を詠むべきかに言及したいと思う。古来から日本の歌人達は自然の四季の変化に感動しその美しさを歌にしてきた。つまり、歌の主題は四季を詠むものであった。この一年間は、日本の歌人達が四季折々に取り扱ってきた主な「歌題」を取り上げて例歌を参考に読者の方々にも歌を詠んで戴きたいと思う。 藤原定家は、天才的な歌人で時の将軍源実朝に歌の指導をしておりましたが、歌論「詠歌大概」の中で歌の師範について次のように述べている。 「和歌は師なし。ただ古歌をもて師とす。心に古風を染め、詞を先達に倣はば、誰の人か（和歌を）詠ぜざらむや。」 一方、「歌は自然描写に始って、自然描写に終わる」と私の歌の師範・冷泉布美子先生はいつも例会でお話し下さっている。 歌は旧暦で四季を詠むのがぴったりしている。月を詠む時にはそれが顕著になる。例えば、初春の望月と言えば睦月の15日に詠んだことになるからである。旧暦では睦月（2/5-3/5）、如月（3/6-4/4）、弥生（4/5-5/3）が春になる。 今回は睦月の歌を詠んで戴こうと思う。睦月といえば、梅を筆頭にして「鶯」と「初霞」が主題となる。歌題としては「早春」「梅花告春」「鶯告春」「初春霞」「行路梅」「朝鶯」「霞春衣」「鶯為春友」「霞中鶯」「春風解氷」がある。 「早春」を歌題に式子内親王、歌の師範・冷泉布美子先生、下冷泉家当主夫人・冷泉美智子氏と私の歌を例歌としてみた。 Plaza-Plaza Tanka Cornerプラザ歌壇入選者 ①関弘子②中村正夫③宿谷政枝④池野幸子 ①猫柳若芽の萌ゆる初枝を手折れは聞こゆ春の足音 Pussy willow trees--/ as I am holding the first branch sprouting young buds/ that I snapped off, I cloud hear the approaching footsteps of spring. by Hiroko Seki ②安房の海荒磯に生ふる松枝の末葉萌ゑ初む春の潮風 The sea of Awa--/ branches of pine trees growing on the rocky coast--/ new leaves sprouting at their tips in the sea breeze of springtime. by Masao Nakamura ③霞立つ野辺の小川の微風に若草萌ゆる春の曙 Around the meadows/ across which the river runs and where the mist hangs/ I find the fresh green grass has come out in this morning's breeze. by Masae Shukuya ④東風吹きて仮庵の庭梅の花匂へと今朝は淡雪の降る Though the plum blossoms/ are in bloom in the garden of my own cottage,/ I wake up to find the snow falling calmly this morning. by Sachiko Ikeno |
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| 古典短歌講座（第１版） Classical Tanka composition in English (1) |
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